Training on the Test Model: Contamination in Ranking Distillation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kalal, Vishakha Suresh, Parry, Andrew, MacAvaney, Sean
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Kalal, Vishakha Suresh
Parry, Andrew
MacAvaney, Sean
author_facet Kalal, Vishakha Suresh
Parry, Andrew
MacAvaney, Sean
contents Neural approaches to ranking based on pre-trained language models are highly effective in ad-hoc search. However, the computational expense of these models can limit their application. As such, a process known as knowledge distillation is frequently applied to allow a smaller, efficient model to learn from an effective but expensive model. A key example of this is the distillation of expensive API-based commercial Large Language Models into smaller production-ready models. However, due to the opacity of training data and processes of most commercial models, one cannot ensure that a chosen test collection has not been observed previously, creating the potential for inadvertent data contamination. We, therefore, investigate the effect of a contaminated teacher model in a distillation setting. We evaluate several distillation techniques to assess the degree to which contamination occurs during distillation. By simulating a ``worst-case'' setting where the degree of contamination is known, we find that contamination occurs even when the test data represents a small fraction of the teacher's training samples. We, therefore, encourage caution when training using black-box teacher models where data provenance is ambiguous.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_02284
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Training on the Test Model: Contamination in Ranking Distillation
Kalal, Vishakha Suresh
Parry, Andrew
MacAvaney, Sean
Information Retrieval
Neural approaches to ranking based on pre-trained language models are highly effective in ad-hoc search. However, the computational expense of these models can limit their application. As such, a process known as knowledge distillation is frequently applied to allow a smaller, efficient model to learn from an effective but expensive model. A key example of this is the distillation of expensive API-based commercial Large Language Models into smaller production-ready models. However, due to the opacity of training data and processes of most commercial models, one cannot ensure that a chosen test collection has not been observed previously, creating the potential for inadvertent data contamination. We, therefore, investigate the effect of a contaminated teacher model in a distillation setting. We evaluate several distillation techniques to assess the degree to which contamination occurs during distillation. By simulating a ``worst-case'' setting where the degree of contamination is known, we find that contamination occurs even when the test data represents a small fraction of the teacher's training samples. We, therefore, encourage caution when training using black-box teacher models where data provenance is ambiguous.
title Training on the Test Model: Contamination in Ranking Distillation
topic Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02284