Unstructured Adiabatic Quantum Optimization: Optimality with Limitations

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Braida, Arthur, Chakraborty, Shantanav, Chaudhuri, Alapan, Cunningham, Joseph, Menavlikar, Rutvij, Novo, Leonardo, Roland, Jérémie
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Braida, Arthur
Chakraborty, Shantanav
Chaudhuri, Alapan
Cunningham, Joseph
Menavlikar, Rutvij
Novo, Leonardo
Roland, Jérémie
author_facet Braida, Arthur
Chakraborty, Shantanav
Chaudhuri, Alapan
Cunningham, Joseph
Menavlikar, Rutvij
Novo, Leonardo
Roland, Jérémie
contents In the circuit model of quantum computing, amplitude amplification techniques can be used to find solutions to NP-hard problems defined on $n$-bits in time $\text{poly}(n) 2^{n/2}$. In this work, we investigate whether such general statements can be made for adiabatic quantum optimization, as provable results regarding its performance are mostly unknown. Although a lower bound of $Ω(2^{n/2})$ has existed in such a setting for over a decade, a purely adiabatic algorithm with this running time has been absent. We show that adiabatic quantum optimization using an unstructured search approach results in a running time that matches this lower bound (up to a polylogarithmic factor) for a broad class of classical local spin Hamiltonians. For this, it is necessary to bound the spectral gap throughout the adiabatic evolution and compute beforehand the position of the avoided crossing with sufficient precision so as to adapt the adiabatic schedule accordingly. However, we show that the position of the avoided crossing is approximately given by a quantity that depends on the degeneracies and inverse gaps of the problem Hamiltonian and is NP-hard to compute even within a low additive precision. Furthermore, computing it exactly (or nearly exactly) is \#P-hard. Our work indicates a possible limitation of adiabatic quantum optimization algorithms, leaving open the question of whether provable Grover-like speed-ups can be obtained for any optimization problem using this approach.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_05736
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unstructured Adiabatic Quantum Optimization: Optimality with Limitations
Braida, Arthur
Chakraborty, Shantanav
Chaudhuri, Alapan
Cunningham, Joseph
Menavlikar, Rutvij
Novo, Leonardo
Roland, Jérémie
Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
In the circuit model of quantum computing, amplitude amplification techniques can be used to find solutions to NP-hard problems defined on $n$-bits in time $\text{poly}(n) 2^{n/2}$. In this work, we investigate whether such general statements can be made for adiabatic quantum optimization, as provable results regarding its performance are mostly unknown. Although a lower bound of $Ω(2^{n/2})$ has existed in such a setting for over a decade, a purely adiabatic algorithm with this running time has been absent. We show that adiabatic quantum optimization using an unstructured search approach results in a running time that matches this lower bound (up to a polylogarithmic factor) for a broad class of classical local spin Hamiltonians. For this, it is necessary to bound the spectral gap throughout the adiabatic evolution and compute beforehand the position of the avoided crossing with sufficient precision so as to adapt the adiabatic schedule accordingly. However, we show that the position of the avoided crossing is approximately given by a quantity that depends on the degeneracies and inverse gaps of the problem Hamiltonian and is NP-hard to compute even within a low additive precision. Furthermore, computing it exactly (or nearly exactly) is \#P-hard. Our work indicates a possible limitation of adiabatic quantum optimization algorithms, leaving open the question of whether provable Grover-like speed-ups can be obtained for any optimization problem using this approach.
title Unstructured Adiabatic Quantum Optimization: Optimality with Limitations
topic Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05736