VLTI/GRAVITY Observations of AF Lep b: Preference for Circular Orbits, Cloudy Atmospheres, and a Moderately Enhanced Metallicity
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866929585778589696 |
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| author | Balmer, William O. Franson, Kyle Chomez, Antoine Pueyo, Laurent Stolker, Tomas Lacour, Sylvestre Nowak, Mathias Nasedkin, Evert Bonse, Markus J. Thorngren, Daniel Palma-Bifani, Paulina Molliere, Paul Wang, Jason J. Zhang, Zhoujian Chavez, Amanda Kammerer, Jens Blunt, Sarah Bowler, Brendan P. Bonnefoy, Mickael Brandner, Wolfgang Charnay, Benjamin Chauvin, Gael Henning, Th. Lagrange, A. -M. Pourre, Nicolas Rickman, Emily De Rosa, Robert Vigan, Arthur Winterhalder, Thomas |
| author_facet | Balmer, William O. Franson, Kyle Chomez, Antoine Pueyo, Laurent Stolker, Tomas Lacour, Sylvestre Nowak, Mathias Nasedkin, Evert Bonse, Markus J. Thorngren, Daniel Palma-Bifani, Paulina Molliere, Paul Wang, Jason J. Zhang, Zhoujian Chavez, Amanda Kammerer, Jens Blunt, Sarah Bowler, Brendan P. Bonnefoy, Mickael Brandner, Wolfgang Charnay, Benjamin Chauvin, Gael Henning, Th. Lagrange, A. -M. Pourre, Nicolas Rickman, Emily De Rosa, Robert Vigan, Arthur Winterhalder, Thomas |
| contents | Direct imaging observations are biased towards wide-separation, massive companions that have degenerate formation histories. Although the majority of exoplanets are expected to form via core accretion, most directly imaged exoplanets have not been convincingly demonstrated to follow this formation pathway. We obtained new interferometric observations of the directly imaged giant planet AF Lep b with the VLTI/GRAVITY instrument. We present three epochs of 50$μ$as relative astrometry and the K-band spectrum of the planet for the first time at a resolution of R=500. Using only these measurements, spanning less than two months, and the Hipparcos-Gaia Catalogue of Accelerations, we are able to significantly constrain the planet's orbit; this bodes well for interferometric observations of planets discovered by Gaia DR4. Including all available measurements of the planet, we infer an effectively circular orbit ($e<0.02, 0.07, 0.13$ at $1, 2, 3 σ$) in spin-orbit alignment with the host, and a measure a dynamical mass of $M_\mathrm{p}=3.75\pm0.5\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$. Models of the spectrum of the planet show that it is metal rich ([M/H]$=0.75\pm0.25$), with a C/O ratio encompassing the solar value. This ensemble of results show that the planet is consistent with core accretion formation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_05917 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | VLTI/GRAVITY Observations of AF Lep b: Preference for Circular Orbits, Cloudy Atmospheres, and a Moderately Enhanced Metallicity Balmer, William O. Franson, Kyle Chomez, Antoine Pueyo, Laurent Stolker, Tomas Lacour, Sylvestre Nowak, Mathias Nasedkin, Evert Bonse, Markus J. Thorngren, Daniel Palma-Bifani, Paulina Molliere, Paul Wang, Jason J. Zhang, Zhoujian Chavez, Amanda Kammerer, Jens Blunt, Sarah Bowler, Brendan P. Bonnefoy, Mickael Brandner, Wolfgang Charnay, Benjamin Chauvin, Gael Henning, Th. Lagrange, A. -M. Pourre, Nicolas Rickman, Emily De Rosa, Robert Vigan, Arthur Winterhalder, Thomas Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Direct imaging observations are biased towards wide-separation, massive companions that have degenerate formation histories. Although the majority of exoplanets are expected to form via core accretion, most directly imaged exoplanets have not been convincingly demonstrated to follow this formation pathway. We obtained new interferometric observations of the directly imaged giant planet AF Lep b with the VLTI/GRAVITY instrument. We present three epochs of 50$μ$as relative astrometry and the K-band spectrum of the planet for the first time at a resolution of R=500. Using only these measurements, spanning less than two months, and the Hipparcos-Gaia Catalogue of Accelerations, we are able to significantly constrain the planet's orbit; this bodes well for interferometric observations of planets discovered by Gaia DR4. Including all available measurements of the planet, we infer an effectively circular orbit ($e<0.02, 0.07, 0.13$ at $1, 2, 3 σ$) in spin-orbit alignment with the host, and a measure a dynamical mass of $M_\mathrm{p}=3.75\pm0.5\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$. Models of the spectrum of the planet show that it is metal rich ([M/H]$=0.75\pm0.25$), with a C/O ratio encompassing the solar value. This ensemble of results show that the planet is consistent with core accretion formation. |
| title | VLTI/GRAVITY Observations of AF Lep b: Preference for Circular Orbits, Cloudy Atmospheres, and a Moderately Enhanced Metallicity |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05917 |