DERs-Aided Blackstart and Load Restoration Framework for Distribution Systems Considering Synchronization and Frequency Security Constraints
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866912113256038400 |
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| author | Maharjan, Salish Bai, Cong Wang, Han Yao, Yiyun Ding, Fei Wang, Zhaoyu |
| author_facet | Maharjan, Salish Bai, Cong Wang, Han Yao, Yiyun Ding, Fei Wang, Zhaoyu |
| contents | Extreme weather events have led to long-duration outages in the distribution system (DS), necessitating novel approaches to blackstart and restore the system. Existing blackstart solutions utilize blackstart units to establish multiple microgrids, sequentially energize non-blackstart units, and restore loads. However, these approaches often result in isolated microgrids. In DER-aided blackstart, the continuous operation of these microgrids is uncertain due to the finite energy capacity of commonly used blackstart units, such as battery energy storage (BES)-based grid-forming inverters (GFMIs). To address this issue, this article proposes a holistic blackstart and restoration framework that incorporates synchronization between microgrids and the entire DS with the transmission grid (TG). To support synchronization, we leveraged virtual synchronous generator-based control for GFMIs to estimate their frequency response to load pick-up events using only initial/final quasi-steady-state points. Subsequently, a synchronization switching condition was developed to model synchronizing switches, aligning them seamlessly with a linearized branch flow problem. Finally, we designed a bottom-up blackstart and restoration framework that considers the switching structure of the DS, energizing/synchronizing switches, DERs with grid-following inverters, and BES-based GFMIs with frequency security constraints. The proposed framework is validated in IEEE-123-bus system, considering cases with two and four GFMIs under various TG recovery instants. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_06567 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | DERs-Aided Blackstart and Load Restoration Framework for Distribution Systems Considering Synchronization and Frequency Security Constraints Maharjan, Salish Bai, Cong Wang, Han Yao, Yiyun Ding, Fei Wang, Zhaoyu Systems and Control Extreme weather events have led to long-duration outages in the distribution system (DS), necessitating novel approaches to blackstart and restore the system. Existing blackstart solutions utilize blackstart units to establish multiple microgrids, sequentially energize non-blackstart units, and restore loads. However, these approaches often result in isolated microgrids. In DER-aided blackstart, the continuous operation of these microgrids is uncertain due to the finite energy capacity of commonly used blackstart units, such as battery energy storage (BES)-based grid-forming inverters (GFMIs). To address this issue, this article proposes a holistic blackstart and restoration framework that incorporates synchronization between microgrids and the entire DS with the transmission grid (TG). To support synchronization, we leveraged virtual synchronous generator-based control for GFMIs to estimate their frequency response to load pick-up events using only initial/final quasi-steady-state points. Subsequently, a synchronization switching condition was developed to model synchronizing switches, aligning them seamlessly with a linearized branch flow problem. Finally, we designed a bottom-up blackstart and restoration framework that considers the switching structure of the DS, energizing/synchronizing switches, DERs with grid-following inverters, and BES-based GFMIs with frequency security constraints. The proposed framework is validated in IEEE-123-bus system, considering cases with two and four GFMIs under various TG recovery instants. |
| title | DERs-Aided Blackstart and Load Restoration Framework for Distribution Systems Considering Synchronization and Frequency Security Constraints |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06567 |