A close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b?

Fuente: arXiv

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Autori principali:	Harre, J. -V., Smith, A. M. S., Barros, S. C. C., Singh, V., Korth, J., Brandeker, A., Cameron, A. Collier, Lendl, M., Wilson, T. G., Borsato, L., Csizmadia, Sz., Cabrera, J., Parviainen, H., Correia, A. C. M., Akinsanmi, B., Rosario, N., Leonardi, P., Serrano, L. M., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado, Baumjohann, W., Benz, W., Billot, N., Broeg, C., Busch, M. -D., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Delrez, L., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Günther, M. N., Heitzmann, A., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Lam, K. W. F., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Magrin, D., Maxted, P. F. L., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Sousa, S. G., Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Szabó, Gy. M., Udry, S., Ulmer, B., Van Grootel, V., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., Viotto, V., Walton, N. A., West, R., Westerdorff, K.
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2024
Soggetti:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Accesso online:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866913615097888768
author	Harre, J. -V. Smith, A. M. S. Barros, S. C. C. Singh, V. Korth, J. Brandeker, A. Cameron, A. Collier Lendl, M. Wilson, T. G. Borsato, L. Csizmadia, Sz. Cabrera, J. Parviainen, H. Correia, A. C. M. Akinsanmi, B. Rosario, N. Leonardi, P. Serrano, L. M. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Navascues, D. Barrado Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Billot, N. Broeg, C. Busch, M. -D. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Delrez, L. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fossati, L. Fridlund, M. Gandolfi, D. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Kiss, L. L. Lam, K. W. F. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Magrin, D. Maxted, P. F. L. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Olofsson, G. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Sousa, S. G. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer, B. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Viotto, V. Walton, N. A. West, R. Westerdorff, K.
author_facet	Harre, J. -V. Smith, A. M. S. Barros, S. C. C. Singh, V. Korth, J. Brandeker, A. Cameron, A. Collier Lendl, M. Wilson, T. G. Borsato, L. Csizmadia, Sz. Cabrera, J. Parviainen, H. Correia, A. C. M. Akinsanmi, B. Rosario, N. Leonardi, P. Serrano, L. M. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Navascues, D. Barrado Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Billot, N. Broeg, C. Busch, M. -D. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Delrez, L. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fossati, L. Fridlund, M. Gandolfi, D. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Kiss, L. L. Lam, K. W. F. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Magrin, D. Maxted, P. F. L. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Olofsson, G. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Sousa, S. G. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer, B. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Viotto, V. Walton, N. A. West, R. Westerdorff, K.
contents	Hot Jupiters with close-by planetary companions are rare, with only a handful of them having been discovered so far. This could be due to their suggested dynamical histories, leading to the possible ejection of other planets. TOI-2109 b is special in this regard because it is the hot Jupiter with the closest relative separation from its host star, being separated by less than 2.3 stellar radii. Unexpectedly, transit timing measurements from recently obtained CHEOPS observations show low amplitude transit-timing variations (TTVs). We aim to search for signs of orbital decay and to characterise the apparent TTVs, trying to gain information about a possible companion. We fit the newly obtained CHEOPS light curves using TLCM and extract the resulting mid-transit timings. Successively, we use these measurements in combination with TESS and archival photometric data and radial velocity data to estimate the rate of tidal orbital decay of TOI-2109 b, as well as characterise the TTVs using the N-body code TRADES and the photodynamical approach of PyTTV. We find tentative evidence at $3σ$ for orbital decay in the TOI-2109 system, when we correct the mid-transit timings using the best-fitting sinusoidal model of the TTVs. We do not detect additional transits in the available photometric data, but find evidence towards the authenticity of the apparent TTVs, indicating a close-by, outer companion with $P_\mathrm{c} > 1.125\,$d. Due to the fast rotation of the star, the new planetary candidate cannot be detected in the available radial velocity (RV) measurements, and its parameters can only be loosely constrained by our joint TTV and RV modelling. TOI-2109 could join a small group of rare hot Jupiter systems that host close-by planetary companions, only one of which (WASP-47 b) has an outer companion. More high-precision photometric measurements are necessary to confirm the planetary companion.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_07797
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	A close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b? Harre, J. -V. Smith, A. M. S. Barros, S. C. C. Singh, V. Korth, J. Brandeker, A. Cameron, A. Collier Lendl, M. Wilson, T. G. Borsato, L. Csizmadia, Sz. Cabrera, J. Parviainen, H. Correia, A. C. M. Akinsanmi, B. Rosario, N. Leonardi, P. Serrano, L. M. Alibert, Y. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Navascues, D. Barrado Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Billot, N. Broeg, C. Busch, M. -D. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Delrez, L. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fossati, L. Fridlund, M. Gandolfi, D. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Heitzmann, A. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Kiss, L. L. Lam, K. W. F. Laskar, J. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Magrin, D. Maxted, P. F. L. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Olofsson, G. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Sousa, S. G. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer, B. Van Grootel, V. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Viotto, V. Walton, N. A. West, R. Westerdorff, K. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Hot Jupiters with close-by planetary companions are rare, with only a handful of them having been discovered so far. This could be due to their suggested dynamical histories, leading to the possible ejection of other planets. TOI-2109 b is special in this regard because it is the hot Jupiter with the closest relative separation from its host star, being separated by less than 2.3 stellar radii. Unexpectedly, transit timing measurements from recently obtained CHEOPS observations show low amplitude transit-timing variations (TTVs). We aim to search for signs of orbital decay and to characterise the apparent TTVs, trying to gain information about a possible companion. We fit the newly obtained CHEOPS light curves using TLCM and extract the resulting mid-transit timings. Successively, we use these measurements in combination with TESS and archival photometric data and radial velocity data to estimate the rate of tidal orbital decay of TOI-2109 b, as well as characterise the TTVs using the N-body code TRADES and the photodynamical approach of PyTTV. We find tentative evidence at $3σ$ for orbital decay in the TOI-2109 system, when we correct the mid-transit timings using the best-fitting sinusoidal model of the TTVs. We do not detect additional transits in the available photometric data, but find evidence towards the authenticity of the apparent TTVs, indicating a close-by, outer companion with $P_\mathrm{c} > 1.125\,$d. Due to the fast rotation of the star, the new planetary candidate cannot be detected in the available radial velocity (RV) measurements, and its parameters can only be loosely constrained by our joint TTV and RV modelling. TOI-2109 could join a small group of rare hot Jupiter systems that host close-by planetary companions, only one of which (WASP-47 b) has an outer companion. More high-precision photometric measurements are necessary to confirm the planetary companion.
title	A close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b?
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07797