Analysis of GRB Closure Relationship in Multi-wavelengths
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Dainotti, M. G. Bhardwaj, S. Bissaldi, E. Fraija, N. Sourav, S. Galvan-Gamez, A. |
| author_facet | Dainotti, M. G. Bhardwaj, S. Bissaldi, E. Fraija, N. Sourav, S. Galvan-Gamez, A. |
| contents | Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense pulses of high-energy emission associated with massive stars' death or compact objects' coalescence. Their multi-wavelength observations help verify the reliability of the standard fireball model. We analyze 14 GRBs observed contemporaneously in gamma-rays by the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT), in X-rays by the \textit{Swift} Telescope, and in the optical bands by \textit{Swift} and many ground-based telescopes. We study the correlation between the spectral and temporal indices using closure relations according to the synchrotron forward-shock model in the stratified medium ($n \propto r^{-k}$) with $k$ ranging from 0 to 2.5. We find that the model without energy injection is preferred over the one with energy injection in all the investigated wavelengths. In gamma-rays, we only explored the $ν> $ max\{$ν_c,ν_m$\} (SC/FC) cooling condition (where $ν_c$ and $ν_m$ are the cooling and characteristic frequencies, namely the frequencies at the spectral break). In the X-ray and optical bands, we explored all the cooling conditions, including $ν_m < ν< ν_c$ (SC), $ν_c < ν< ν_m$ (FC), and SC/FC, and found a clear preference for SC for X-rays and SC/FC for optical. Within these cooling conditions, X-rays exhibit the highest rate of occurrence for the density profile with $k = 0$, while the optical band has the highest occurrence for $k$ = 2.5 when considering no energy injection. Although we can pinpoint a definite environment for some GRBs, we find degeneracies in other GRBs. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_10736 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Analysis of GRB Closure Relationship in Multi-wavelengths Dainotti, M. G. Bhardwaj, S. Bissaldi, E. Fraija, N. Sourav, S. Galvan-Gamez, A. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense pulses of high-energy emission associated with massive stars' death or compact objects' coalescence. Their multi-wavelength observations help verify the reliability of the standard fireball model. We analyze 14 GRBs observed contemporaneously in gamma-rays by the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT), in X-rays by the \textit{Swift} Telescope, and in the optical bands by \textit{Swift} and many ground-based telescopes. We study the correlation between the spectral and temporal indices using closure relations according to the synchrotron forward-shock model in the stratified medium ($n \propto r^{-k}$) with $k$ ranging from 0 to 2.5. We find that the model without energy injection is preferred over the one with energy injection in all the investigated wavelengths. In gamma-rays, we only explored the $ν> $ max\{$ν_c,ν_m$\} (SC/FC) cooling condition (where $ν_c$ and $ν_m$ are the cooling and characteristic frequencies, namely the frequencies at the spectral break). In the X-ray and optical bands, we explored all the cooling conditions, including $ν_m < ν< ν_c$ (SC), $ν_c < ν< ν_m$ (FC), and SC/FC, and found a clear preference for SC for X-rays and SC/FC for optical. Within these cooling conditions, X-rays exhibit the highest rate of occurrence for the density profile with $k = 0$, while the optical band has the highest occurrence for $k$ = 2.5 when considering no energy injection. Although we can pinpoint a definite environment for some GRBs, we find degeneracies in other GRBs. |
| title | Analysis of GRB Closure Relationship in Multi-wavelengths |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.10736 |