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Main Author:	Huang, Xu-Guang
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2024
Subjects:	Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment Fluid Dynamics
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11753
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_version_	1866912550338166784
author	Huang, Xu-Guang
author_facet	Huang, Xu-Guang
contents	Spin polarization and spin transport are common phenomena in many quantum systems. Relativistic spin hydrodynamics provides an effective low-energy framework to describe these processes in quantum many-body systems. The fundamental symmetry underlying relativistic spin hydrodynamics is angular momentum conservation, which naturally leads to inter-conversion between spin and orbital angular momenta. This inter-conversion is a key feature of relativistic spin hydrodynamics, closely related to entropy production and introducing ambiguity in the construction of constitutive relations. In this article, we present a pedagogical introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics. We demonstrate how to derive the constitutive relations by applying local thermodynamic laws and explore several distinctive aspects of spin hydrodynamics. These include the pseudo-gauge ambiguity, the behavior of the system in the presence of strong vorticity, and the challenges of modeling the freeze-out of spin in heavy-ion collisions. We also outline some future prospects for spin hydrodynamics.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_11753
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics Huang, Xu-Guang Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment Fluid Dynamics Spin polarization and spin transport are common phenomena in many quantum systems. Relativistic spin hydrodynamics provides an effective low-energy framework to describe these processes in quantum many-body systems. The fundamental symmetry underlying relativistic spin hydrodynamics is angular momentum conservation, which naturally leads to inter-conversion between spin and orbital angular momenta. This inter-conversion is a key feature of relativistic spin hydrodynamics, closely related to entropy production and introducing ambiguity in the construction of constitutive relations. In this article, we present a pedagogical introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics. We demonstrate how to derive the constitutive relations by applying local thermodynamic laws and explore several distinctive aspects of spin hydrodynamics. These include the pseudo-gauge ambiguity, the behavior of the system in the presence of strong vorticity, and the challenges of modeling the freeze-out of spin in heavy-ion collisions. We also outline some future prospects for spin hydrodynamics.
title	An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics
topic	Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment Fluid Dynamics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11753

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