A Stable-Set Bound and Maximal Numbers of Nash Equilibria in Bimatrix Games

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ickstadt, Constantin, Theobald, Thorsten, von Stengel, Bernhard
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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_version_ 1866911281302208512
author Ickstadt, Constantin
Theobald, Thorsten
von Stengel, Bernhard
author_facet Ickstadt, Constantin
Theobald, Thorsten
von Stengel, Bernhard
contents Quint and Shubik (1997) conjectured that a non-degenerate n-by-n game has at most 2^n-1 Nash equilibria in mixed strategies. The conjecture is true for n at most 4 but false for n=6 or larger. We answer it positively for the remaining case n=5, which had been open since 1999. The problem can be translated to a combinatorial question about the vertices of a pair of simple n-polytopes with 2n facets. We introduce a novel obstruction based on the index of an equilibrium, which states that equilibrium vertices belong to two equal-sized disjoint stable sets of the graph of the polytope. This bound is verified directly using the known classification of the 159,375 combinatorial types of dual neighborly polytopes in dimension 5 with 10 facets. Non-neighborly polytopes are analyzed with additional combinatorial techniques where the bound is used for their disjoint facets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_12385
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Stable-Set Bound and Maximal Numbers of Nash Equilibria in Bimatrix Games
Ickstadt, Constantin
Theobald, Thorsten
von Stengel, Bernhard
Computer Science and Game Theory
Combinatorics
91A05
G.2
Quint and Shubik (1997) conjectured that a non-degenerate n-by-n game has at most 2^n-1 Nash equilibria in mixed strategies. The conjecture is true for n at most 4 but false for n=6 or larger. We answer it positively for the remaining case n=5, which had been open since 1999. The problem can be translated to a combinatorial question about the vertices of a pair of simple n-polytopes with 2n facets. We introduce a novel obstruction based on the index of an equilibrium, which states that equilibrium vertices belong to two equal-sized disjoint stable sets of the graph of the polytope. This bound is verified directly using the known classification of the 159,375 combinatorial types of dual neighborly polytopes in dimension 5 with 10 facets. Non-neighborly polytopes are analyzed with additional combinatorial techniques where the bound is used for their disjoint facets.
title A Stable-Set Bound and Maximal Numbers of Nash Equilibria in Bimatrix Games
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Combinatorics
91A05
G.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12385