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Main Authors: Ubertosi, F., Gong, Y., Nulsen, P., Leahy, J. P., Gitti, M., McNamara, B. R., Gaspari, M., Singha, M., O'Dea, C., Baum, S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12804
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author Ubertosi, F.
Gong, Y.
Nulsen, P.
Leahy, J. P.
Gitti, M.
McNamara, B. R.
Gaspari, M.
Singha, M.
O'Dea, C.
Baum, S.
author_facet Ubertosi, F.
Gong, Y.
Nulsen, P.
Leahy, J. P.
Gitti, M.
McNamara, B. R.
Gaspari, M.
Singha, M.
O'Dea, C.
Baum, S.
contents We present a detailed analysis of jet activity in the radio galaxy 3C348 at the center of the galaxy cluster Hercules A. We use archival Chandra data to investigate the jet-driven shock front, the radio-faint X-ray cavities, the eastern jet, and the presence of extended Inverse Compton (IC) X-ray emission from the radio lobes. We detect two pairs of shocks: one in the north-south direction at 150 kpc from the center, and another in the east-west direction at 280 kpc. These shocks have Mach numbers of $\mathcal{M} = 1.65\pm0.05$ and $\mathcal{M} = 1.9\pm0.3$, respectively. Together, they form a complete cocoon around the large radio lobes. Based on the distance of the shocks from the center, we estimate that the corresponding jet outburst is 90-150 Myr old. We confirm the presence of two radio-faint cavities within the cocoon, misaligned from the lobes, each $\sim$100 kpc wide and 40-60 Myr old. A backflow from the radio lobes might explain why the cavities are dynamically younger than the cocoon shock front. We also detect non-thermal X-ray emission from the eastern jet and from the large radio lobes. The X-ray emission from the jet is visible at 80 kpc from the AGN and can be accounted for by an IC model with a mild Doppler boosting ($δ\sim2.7$). A synchrotron model could explain the radio-to-X-ray spectrum only for very high Lorentz factors $γ\geq10^{8}$ of the electrons in the jet. For the large radio lobes, we argue that the X-ray emission has an IC origin, with a 1 keV flux density of $21.7\pm1.4\text{(statistical)}\pm1.3\text{(systematic)}$ nJy. A thermal model is unlikely, as it would require unrealistically high gas temperature, density, and pressure, along with a strong depolarization of the radio lobes, which are instead highly polarized. The IC detection, combined with the synchrotron flux density, suggests a magnetic field of $12\pm3μ$G in the lobes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_12804
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cocoon shock, X-ray cavities and extended Inverse Compton emission in Hercules A: clues from Chandra observations
Ubertosi, F.
Gong, Y.
Nulsen, P.
Leahy, J. P.
Gitti, M.
McNamara, B. R.
Gaspari, M.
Singha, M.
O'Dea, C.
Baum, S.
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We present a detailed analysis of jet activity in the radio galaxy 3C348 at the center of the galaxy cluster Hercules A. We use archival Chandra data to investigate the jet-driven shock front, the radio-faint X-ray cavities, the eastern jet, and the presence of extended Inverse Compton (IC) X-ray emission from the radio lobes. We detect two pairs of shocks: one in the north-south direction at 150 kpc from the center, and another in the east-west direction at 280 kpc. These shocks have Mach numbers of $\mathcal{M} = 1.65\pm0.05$ and $\mathcal{M} = 1.9\pm0.3$, respectively. Together, they form a complete cocoon around the large radio lobes. Based on the distance of the shocks from the center, we estimate that the corresponding jet outburst is 90-150 Myr old. We confirm the presence of two radio-faint cavities within the cocoon, misaligned from the lobes, each $\sim$100 kpc wide and 40-60 Myr old. A backflow from the radio lobes might explain why the cavities are dynamically younger than the cocoon shock front. We also detect non-thermal X-ray emission from the eastern jet and from the large radio lobes. The X-ray emission from the jet is visible at 80 kpc from the AGN and can be accounted for by an IC model with a mild Doppler boosting ($δ\sim2.7$). A synchrotron model could explain the radio-to-X-ray spectrum only for very high Lorentz factors $γ\geq10^{8}$ of the electrons in the jet. For the large radio lobes, we argue that the X-ray emission has an IC origin, with a 1 keV flux density of $21.7\pm1.4\text{(statistical)}\pm1.3\text{(systematic)}$ nJy. A thermal model is unlikely, as it would require unrealistically high gas temperature, density, and pressure, along with a strong depolarization of the radio lobes, which are instead highly polarized. The IC detection, combined with the synchrotron flux density, suggests a magnetic field of $12\pm3μ$G in the lobes.
title Cocoon shock, X-ray cavities and extended Inverse Compton emission in Hercules A: clues from Chandra observations
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.12804