Reducibility among NP-Hard graph problems and boundary classes

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Hauptverfasser: Hassan, Syed Mujtaba, Hussain, Shahid, Samad, Abdul
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2024
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_version_ 1866913979448688640
author Hassan, Syed Mujtaba
Hussain, Shahid
Samad, Abdul
author_facet Hassan, Syed Mujtaba
Hussain, Shahid
Samad, Abdul
contents Many NP-hard graph problems become easy for some classes of graphs. For example, coloring is easy for bipartite graphs, but NP-hard in general. So we can ask question like when does a hard problem become easy? What is the minimum substructure for which the problem remains hard? We use the notion of boundary classes to study such questions. In this paper, we introduce a method for transforming the boundary class of one NP-hard graph problem into a boundary class for another problem. If Π and Γ are two NP-hard graph problems where Π is reducible to Γ, we transform a boundary class of Π into a boundary class of Γ. More formally if Π is reducible to Γ, where the reduction satisfies certain conditions, then X is a boundary class of Π if and only if the image of X under the reduction is a boundary class of Γ. This gives us a relationship between boundary classes and reducibility among several NP-hard problems. To show the strength of our main result, we apply our theorem to obtain some previously unknown boundary classes for a few graph problems namely; vertex-cover, clique, traveling-salesperson, bounded-degree-spanning-tree, subgraph-isomorphism and clique-cover.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_14553
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reducibility among NP-Hard graph problems and boundary classes
Hassan, Syed Mujtaba
Hussain, Shahid
Samad, Abdul
Computational Complexity
Computation and Language
Discrete Mathematics
Many NP-hard graph problems become easy for some classes of graphs. For example, coloring is easy for bipartite graphs, but NP-hard in general. So we can ask question like when does a hard problem become easy? What is the minimum substructure for which the problem remains hard? We use the notion of boundary classes to study such questions. In this paper, we introduce a method for transforming the boundary class of one NP-hard graph problem into a boundary class for another problem. If Π and Γ are two NP-hard graph problems where Π is reducible to Γ, we transform a boundary class of Π into a boundary class of Γ. More formally if Π is reducible to Γ, where the reduction satisfies certain conditions, then X is a boundary class of Π if and only if the image of X under the reduction is a boundary class of Γ. This gives us a relationship between boundary classes and reducibility among several NP-hard problems. To show the strength of our main result, we apply our theorem to obtain some previously unknown boundary classes for a few graph problems namely; vertex-cover, clique, traveling-salesperson, bounded-degree-spanning-tree, subgraph-isomorphism and clique-cover.
title Reducibility among NP-Hard graph problems and boundary classes
topic Computational Complexity
Computation and Language
Discrete Mathematics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14553