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The NANOGrav 15 Yr Data Set: Removing Pulsars One by One from the Pulsar Timing Array

Fuente: arXiv

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Autori principali:	Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baier, Jeremy G., Baker, Paul T., Becsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Guertin, Lydia, Gultekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Middleton, Hannah, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Moore, Christopher J., Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vecchio, Alberto, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, Young, Olivia
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2024
Soggetti:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Accesso online:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Agazie, Gabriella Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M. Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Becsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Guertin, Lydia Gultekin, Kayhan Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Jones, Megan L. Kaiser, Andrew R. Kaplan, David L. Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T. Joseph W. Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R. Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W. Meyers, Patrick M. Middleton, Hannah Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. Mitridate, Andrea Moore, Christopher J. Ng, Cherry Nice, David J. Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Perera, Benetge B. P. Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Romano, Joseph D. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Siwek, Magdalena S. Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Stovall, Kevin Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Stephen R. Turner, Jacob E. Unal, Caner Vallisneri, Michele Vecchio, Alberto Vigeland, Sarah J. Wahl, Haley M. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia
author_facet	Agazie, Gabriella Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M. Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Becsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Guertin, Lydia Gultekin, Kayhan Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Jones, Megan L. Kaiser, Andrew R. Kaplan, David L. Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T. Joseph W. Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R. Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W. Meyers, Patrick M. Middleton, Hannah Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. Mitridate, Andrea Moore, Christopher J. Ng, Cherry Nice, David J. Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Perera, Benetge B. P. Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Romano, Joseph D. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Siwek, Magdalena S. Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Stovall, Kevin Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Stephen R. Turner, Jacob E. Unal, Caner Vallisneri, Michele Vecchio, Alberto Vigeland, Sarah J. Wahl, Haley M. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia
contents	Evidence has emerged for a stochastic signal correlated among 67 pulsars within the 15-year pulsar-timing data set compiled by the NANOGrav collaboration. Similar signals have been found in data from the European, Indian, Parkes, and Chinese PTAs. This signal has been interpreted as indicative of the presence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background. To explore the internal consistency of this result we investigate how the recovered signal strength changes as we remove the pulsars one by one from the data set. We calculate the signal strength using the (noise-marginalized) optimal statistic, a frequentist metric designed to measure correlated excess power in the residuals of the arrival times of the radio pulses. We identify several features emerging from this analysis that were initially unexpected. The significance of these features, however, can only be assessed by comparing the real data to synthetic data sets. After conducting identical analyses on simulated data sets, we do not find anything inconsistent with the presence of a stochastic gravitational wave background in the NANOGrav 15-year data. The methodologies developed here can offer additional tools for application to future, more sensitive data sets. While this analysis provides an internal consistency check of the NANOGrav results, it does not eliminate the necessity for additional investigations that could identify potential systematics or uncover unmodeled physical phenomena in the data.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_14846
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The NANOGrav 15 Yr Data Set: Removing Pulsars One by One from the Pulsar Timing Array Agazie, Gabriella Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M. Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy G. Baker, Paul T. Becsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R. Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M. Cornish, Neil J. Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E. Demorest, Paul B. Deng, Heling Dey, Lankeswar Dolch, Timothy Ferrara, Elizabeth C. Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E. Gardiner, Emiko C. Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A. Gersbach, Kyle A. Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C. Guertin, Lydia Gultekin, Kayhan Hazboun, Jeffrey S. Jennings, Ross J. Johnson, Aaron D. Jones, Megan L. Kaiser, Andrew R. Kaplan, David L. Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S. Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T. Lamb, William G. Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T. Joseph W. Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R. Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S. Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R. McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W. McLaughlin, Maura A. McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W. Meyers, Patrick M. Middleton, Hannah Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. Mitridate, Andrea Moore, Christopher J. Ng, Cherry Nice, David J. Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D. Pennucci, Timothy T. Perera, Benetge B. P. Pol, Nihan S. Radovan, Henri A. Ransom, Scott M. Ray, Paul S. Romano, Joseph D. Runnoe, Jessie C. Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C. Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Siwek, Magdalena S. Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa Stairs, Ingrid H. Stinebring, Daniel R. Stovall, Kevin Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K. Taylor, Stephen R. Turner, Jacob E. Unal, Caner Vallisneri, Michele Vecchio, Alberto Vigeland, Sarah J. Wahl, Haley M. Witt, Caitlin A. Wright, David Young, Olivia High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Evidence has emerged for a stochastic signal correlated among 67 pulsars within the 15-year pulsar-timing data set compiled by the NANOGrav collaboration. Similar signals have been found in data from the European, Indian, Parkes, and Chinese PTAs. This signal has been interpreted as indicative of the presence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background. To explore the internal consistency of this result we investigate how the recovered signal strength changes as we remove the pulsars one by one from the data set. We calculate the signal strength using the (noise-marginalized) optimal statistic, a frequentist metric designed to measure correlated excess power in the residuals of the arrival times of the radio pulses. We identify several features emerging from this analysis that were initially unexpected. The significance of these features, however, can only be assessed by comparing the real data to synthetic data sets. After conducting identical analyses on simulated data sets, we do not find anything inconsistent with the presence of a stochastic gravitational wave background in the NANOGrav 15-year data. The methodologies developed here can offer additional tools for application to future, more sensitive data sets. While this analysis provides an internal consistency check of the NANOGrav results, it does not eliminate the necessity for additional investigations that could identify potential systematics or uncover unmodeled physical phenomena in the data.
title	The NANOGrav 15 Yr Data Set: Removing Pulsars One by One from the Pulsar Timing Array
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14846