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author Ilievski, Filip
Hammer, Barbara
van Harmelen, Frank
Paassen, Benjamin
Saralajew, Sascha
Schmid, Ute
Biehl, Michael
Bolognesi, Marianna
Dong, Xin Luna
Gashteovski, Kiril
Hitzler, Pascal
Marra, Giuseppe
Minervini, Pasquale
Mundt, Martin
Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga
Oltramari, Alessandro
Pasi, Gabriella
Saribatur, Zeynep G.
Serafini, Luciano
Shawe-Taylor, John
Shwartz, Vered
Skitalinskaya, Gabriella
Stachl, Clemens
van de Ven, Gido M.
Villmann, Thomas
author_facet Ilievski, Filip
Hammer, Barbara
van Harmelen, Frank
Paassen, Benjamin
Saralajew, Sascha
Schmid, Ute
Biehl, Michael
Bolognesi, Marianna
Dong, Xin Luna
Gashteovski, Kiril
Hitzler, Pascal
Marra, Giuseppe
Minervini, Pasquale
Mundt, Martin
Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga
Oltramari, Alessandro
Pasi, Gabriella
Saribatur, Zeynep G.
Serafini, Luciano
Shawe-Taylor, John
Shwartz, Vered
Skitalinskaya, Gabriella
Stachl, Clemens
van de Ven, Gido M.
Villmann, Thomas
contents Recent advances in AI -- including generative approaches -- have resulted in technology that can support humans in scientific discovery and forming decisions, but may also disrupt democracies and target individuals. The responsible use of AI and its participation in human-AI teams increasingly shows the need for AI alignment, that is, to make AI systems act according to our preferences. A crucial yet often overlooked aspect of these interactions is the different ways in which humans and machines generalise. In cognitive science, human generalisation commonly involves abstraction and concept learning. In contrast, AI generalisation encompasses out-of-domain generalisation in machine learning, rule-based reasoning in symbolic AI, and abstraction in neurosymbolic AI. In this perspective paper, we combine insights from AI and cognitive science to identify key commonalities and differences across three dimensions: notions of, methods for, and evaluation of generalisation. We map the different conceptualisations of generalisation in AI and cognitive science along these three dimensions and consider their role for alignment in human-AI teaming. This results in interdisciplinary challenges across AI and cognitive science that must be tackled to provide a foundation for effective and cognitively supported alignment in human-AI teaming scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_15626
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Aligning Generalisation Between Humans and Machines
Ilievski, Filip
Hammer, Barbara
van Harmelen, Frank
Paassen, Benjamin
Saralajew, Sascha
Schmid, Ute
Biehl, Michael
Bolognesi, Marianna
Dong, Xin Luna
Gashteovski, Kiril
Hitzler, Pascal
Marra, Giuseppe
Minervini, Pasquale
Mundt, Martin
Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga
Oltramari, Alessandro
Pasi, Gabriella
Saribatur, Zeynep G.
Serafini, Luciano
Shawe-Taylor, John
Shwartz, Vered
Skitalinskaya, Gabriella
Stachl, Clemens
van de Ven, Gido M.
Villmann, Thomas
Artificial Intelligence
Recent advances in AI -- including generative approaches -- have resulted in technology that can support humans in scientific discovery and forming decisions, but may also disrupt democracies and target individuals. The responsible use of AI and its participation in human-AI teams increasingly shows the need for AI alignment, that is, to make AI systems act according to our preferences. A crucial yet often overlooked aspect of these interactions is the different ways in which humans and machines generalise. In cognitive science, human generalisation commonly involves abstraction and concept learning. In contrast, AI generalisation encompasses out-of-domain generalisation in machine learning, rule-based reasoning in symbolic AI, and abstraction in neurosymbolic AI. In this perspective paper, we combine insights from AI and cognitive science to identify key commonalities and differences across three dimensions: notions of, methods for, and evaluation of generalisation. We map the different conceptualisations of generalisation in AI and cognitive science along these three dimensions and consider their role for alignment in human-AI teaming. This results in interdisciplinary challenges across AI and cognitive science that must be tackled to provide a foundation for effective and cognitively supported alignment in human-AI teaming scenarios.
title Aligning Generalisation Between Humans and Machines
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15626