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Main Authors: Chen, Congliang, Shen, Li, Xu, Zhiqiang, Liu, Wei, Luo, Zhi-Quan, Zhao, Peilin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16081
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author Chen, Congliang
Shen, Li
Xu, Zhiqiang
Liu, Wei
Luo, Zhi-Quan
Zhao, Peilin
author_facet Chen, Congliang
Shen, Li
Xu, Zhiqiang
Liu, Wei
Luo, Zhi-Quan
Zhao, Peilin
contents Bi-level optimization has achieved considerable success in contemporary machine learning applications, especially for given proper hyperparameters. However, due to the two-level optimization structure, commonly, researchers focus on two types of bi-level optimization methods: approximate implicit differentiation (AID)-based and iterative differentiation (ITD)-based approaches. ITD-based methods can be readily transformed into single-level optimization problems, facilitating the study of their generalization capabilities. In contrast, AID-based methods cannot be easily transformed similarly but must stay in the two-level structure, leaving their generalization properties enigmatic. In this paper, although the outer-level function is nonconvex, we ascertain the uniform stability of AID-based methods, which achieves similar results to a single-level nonconvex problem. We conduct a convergence analysis for a carefully chosen step size to maintain stability. Combining the convergence and stability results, we give the generalization ability of AID-based bi-level optimization methods. Furthermore, we carry out an ablation study of the parameters and assess the performance of these methods on real-world tasks. Our experimental results corroborate the theoretical findings, demonstrating the effectiveness and potential applications of these methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_16081
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exploring the Generalization Capabilities of AID-based Bi-level Optimization
Chen, Congliang
Shen, Li
Xu, Zhiqiang
Liu, Wei
Luo, Zhi-Quan
Zhao, Peilin
Machine Learning
Bi-level optimization has achieved considerable success in contemporary machine learning applications, especially for given proper hyperparameters. However, due to the two-level optimization structure, commonly, researchers focus on two types of bi-level optimization methods: approximate implicit differentiation (AID)-based and iterative differentiation (ITD)-based approaches. ITD-based methods can be readily transformed into single-level optimization problems, facilitating the study of their generalization capabilities. In contrast, AID-based methods cannot be easily transformed similarly but must stay in the two-level structure, leaving their generalization properties enigmatic. In this paper, although the outer-level function is nonconvex, we ascertain the uniform stability of AID-based methods, which achieves similar results to a single-level nonconvex problem. We conduct a convergence analysis for a carefully chosen step size to maintain stability. Combining the convergence and stability results, we give the generalization ability of AID-based bi-level optimization methods. Furthermore, we carry out an ablation study of the parameters and assess the performance of these methods on real-world tasks. Our experimental results corroborate the theoretical findings, demonstrating the effectiveness and potential applications of these methods.
title Exploring the Generalization Capabilities of AID-based Bi-level Optimization
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16081