Quantum-Optimal Frequency Estimation of Stochastic AC Fields

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Dey, Anirban, Mouradian, Sara, Lupo, Cosmo, Huang, Zixin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Dey, Anirban
Mouradian, Sara
Lupo, Cosmo
Huang, Zixin
author_facet Dey, Anirban
Mouradian, Sara
Lupo, Cosmo
Huang, Zixin
contents Resolving frequencies in a time-dependent field is classically limited by the measurement bandwidth. Using tools from quantum metrology and quantum control may overcome this limit, yet the full advantage afforded by entanglement so far remains elusive. Here we map the problem of frequency measurement to that of estimating a global dephasing quantum channel. In this way, we determine the ultimate quantum limits of {frequency estimation in stochastic AC} sensing. We find exact {quantum Fisher information bounds} for estimating frequency and frequency differences of stochastic fields. In particular, given two close signals with frequency separation $ω_r$, we find that the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for the separation estimation is approximately $2/ω_r^2$, {i.e.}~\emph{inversely} proportional to the separation parameter. The bounds are achievable in certain regimes by superpositions of Dicke states. GHZ states are suboptimal but improve precision over unentangled states, achieving Heisenberg scaling in the low-bandwidth limit. This work establishes a robust framework for stochastic AC signal sensing that can be extended to arbitrary time-dependent and stochastic fields.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_19412
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum-Optimal Frequency Estimation of Stochastic AC Fields
Dey, Anirban
Mouradian, Sara
Lupo, Cosmo
Huang, Zixin
Quantum Physics
Resolving frequencies in a time-dependent field is classically limited by the measurement bandwidth. Using tools from quantum metrology and quantum control may overcome this limit, yet the full advantage afforded by entanglement so far remains elusive. Here we map the problem of frequency measurement to that of estimating a global dephasing quantum channel. In this way, we determine the ultimate quantum limits of {frequency estimation in stochastic AC} sensing. We find exact {quantum Fisher information bounds} for estimating frequency and frequency differences of stochastic fields. In particular, given two close signals with frequency separation $ω_r$, we find that the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for the separation estimation is approximately $2/ω_r^2$, {i.e.}~\emph{inversely} proportional to the separation parameter. The bounds are achievable in certain regimes by superpositions of Dicke states. GHZ states are suboptimal but improve precision over unentangled states, achieving Heisenberg scaling in the low-bandwidth limit. This work establishes a robust framework for stochastic AC signal sensing that can be extended to arbitrary time-dependent and stochastic fields.
title Quantum-Optimal Frequency Estimation of Stochastic AC Fields
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19412