The classification and formation rate of $\mathbf{Swift/BAT}$ gamma-ray bursts
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866917852167012352 |
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| author | Luo, Juan-Juan Zhang, Liang Zhang, Li-Yun Huang, Yong-Feng Lin, Jia-Quan Lu, Jun-Wang Dong, Xiao-Fei |
| author_facet | Luo, Juan-Juan Zhang, Liang Zhang, Li-Yun Huang, Yong-Feng Lin, Jia-Quan Lu, Jun-Wang Dong, Xiao-Fei |
| contents | Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are usually classified into long/short categories according to their durations, but controversy still exists in this aspect. Here we re-examine the long/short classification of GRBs and further compare the cosmological distribution and evolution of each potential subclass. A large number of $Swift/BAT$ GRBs are analyzed in this study. The Gaussian mixture model is used to fit the duration distribution as well as the joint distribution of duration and hardness ratio, and the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria are adopted to assess the goodness of fit. It is found that three Gaussian components can better fit both the univariate and bivariate distributions, indicating that there are three subclasses in the $Swift/BAT$ GRBs, namely short, intermediate, and long subclasses. The non-parametric Efron-Petrosian and Lynden-Bell's $c^{-}$ methods are used to derive the luminosity function and formation rate from the truncated data of bursts with known redshift in each subclass. It is found that the luminosity distributions and birth rates of the three subclasses are different, further supporting the existence of the intermediate subclass in the $Swift/BAT$ GRBs. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_19813 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The classification and formation rate of $\mathbf{Swift/BAT}$ gamma-ray bursts Luo, Juan-Juan Zhang, Liang Zhang, Li-Yun Huang, Yong-Feng Lin, Jia-Quan Lu, Jun-Wang Dong, Xiao-Fei High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are usually classified into long/short categories according to their durations, but controversy still exists in this aspect. Here we re-examine the long/short classification of GRBs and further compare the cosmological distribution and evolution of each potential subclass. A large number of $Swift/BAT$ GRBs are analyzed in this study. The Gaussian mixture model is used to fit the duration distribution as well as the joint distribution of duration and hardness ratio, and the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria are adopted to assess the goodness of fit. It is found that three Gaussian components can better fit both the univariate and bivariate distributions, indicating that there are three subclasses in the $Swift/BAT$ GRBs, namely short, intermediate, and long subclasses. The non-parametric Efron-Petrosian and Lynden-Bell's $c^{-}$ methods are used to derive the luminosity function and formation rate from the truncated data of bursts with known redshift in each subclass. It is found that the luminosity distributions and birth rates of the three subclasses are different, further supporting the existence of the intermediate subclass in the $Swift/BAT$ GRBs. |
| title | The classification and formation rate of $\mathbf{Swift/BAT}$ gamma-ray bursts |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19813 |