Efficient short-wave infrared upconversion by self-sensitized holmium-doped nanoparticles
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866910720912785408 |
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| author | Arul, Rakesh Jiang, Zhao Li, Xinjuan Bell, Fiona M. Tew, Alasdair Ducati, Caterina Rao, Akshay Yu, Zhongzheng |
| author_facet | Arul, Rakesh Jiang, Zhao Li, Xinjuan Bell, Fiona M. Tew, Alasdair Ducati, Caterina Rao, Akshay Yu, Zhongzheng |
| contents | Photon upconversion, combining several low-energy photons to generate one high-energy photon is of wide interest for biomedical, catalytic and photonic applications. Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LnNP) are a unique type of upconversion nanoconverter, which can realize ultralarge anti-Stokes shift (>1000 nm) and high photostability, without photo-bleaching and photo-blinking. The excitation wavelength of LnNPs has been limited to the second near-infrared window (1000-1700 nm), mainly sensitized by erbium ions with absorption centered around 1.5 $μ$m. Here, we demonstrate novel self-sensitized holmium (Ho)-doped nanoconverters to further expand the sensitization range to the short-wave infrared at 2 $μ$m and achieve efficient upconversion to 640 nm. We show that this upconversion is a 4-photon conversion process with an underlying energy transfer upconversion mechanism. Via careful control of dopant concentration and shelling we achieve a relative upconversion-to-downconversion efficiency up to 15.2%, more than half the theoretical maximum. The placement of the Ho doped LnNPs into a plasmonic nanocavity device enables large gains in emission intensity (up to 32-fold), due to the dramatic shortening of the emission lifetime of Ho from 29 $μ$s to <1 ns, indicating a high Purcell-enhancement factor of 3x10$^4$. These results open new possibilities at the frontier of short-wave infrared upconversion and the nanoplasmonic enhancement of LnNP emission, with potential applications in detection, theranostics, photonics and optoelectronics. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2411_19949 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Efficient short-wave infrared upconversion by self-sensitized holmium-doped nanoparticles Arul, Rakesh Jiang, Zhao Li, Xinjuan Bell, Fiona M. Tew, Alasdair Ducati, Caterina Rao, Akshay Yu, Zhongzheng Optics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science Photon upconversion, combining several low-energy photons to generate one high-energy photon is of wide interest for biomedical, catalytic and photonic applications. Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LnNP) are a unique type of upconversion nanoconverter, which can realize ultralarge anti-Stokes shift (>1000 nm) and high photostability, without photo-bleaching and photo-blinking. The excitation wavelength of LnNPs has been limited to the second near-infrared window (1000-1700 nm), mainly sensitized by erbium ions with absorption centered around 1.5 $μ$m. Here, we demonstrate novel self-sensitized holmium (Ho)-doped nanoconverters to further expand the sensitization range to the short-wave infrared at 2 $μ$m and achieve efficient upconversion to 640 nm. We show that this upconversion is a 4-photon conversion process with an underlying energy transfer upconversion mechanism. Via careful control of dopant concentration and shelling we achieve a relative upconversion-to-downconversion efficiency up to 15.2%, more than half the theoretical maximum. The placement of the Ho doped LnNPs into a plasmonic nanocavity device enables large gains in emission intensity (up to 32-fold), due to the dramatic shortening of the emission lifetime of Ho from 29 $μ$s to <1 ns, indicating a high Purcell-enhancement factor of 3x10$^4$. These results open new possibilities at the frontier of short-wave infrared upconversion and the nanoplasmonic enhancement of LnNP emission, with potential applications in detection, theranostics, photonics and optoelectronics. |
| title | Efficient short-wave infrared upconversion by self-sensitized holmium-doped nanoparticles |
| topic | Optics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19949 |