Formation Rate of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in Galactic Nuclei Containing Single and Dual Supermassive Black Holes
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2024
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| _version_ | 1866929629699244032 |
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| author | Cao, Chunyang Liu, F. K. Chen, Xian Li, Shuo |
| author_facet | Cao, Chunyang Liu, F. K. Chen, Xian Li, Shuo |
| contents | Quasiperiodic eruptions (QPEs) are a novel class of transients recently discovered in a few extragalactic nuclei. It has been suggested that a QPE can be produced by a main-sequence star undergoing repeated partial disruptions by the tidal field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) immediately after getting captured on a tightly bound orbit through the Hills mechanism. In this Letter, we investigate the period-dependent formation rate of QPEs for this scenario, utilizing scattering experiments and the loss-cone theory. We calculate the QPE formation rates in both a single-SMBH and a dual-SMBH system, motivated by the overrepresentation of postmerger galaxies as QPE hosts. We find that for SMBHs of mass $10^{6}$--$10^{7}M_{\odot}$, most QPEs formed in this scenario have periods longer than $\simeq 100$ days. A single-SMBH system generally produces QPEs at a negligible rate of $10^{-10}$--$10^{-8}\ \rm{yr}^{-1}$ due to inefficient two-body relaxation. Meanwhile, in a dual-SMBH system, the QPE rate is enhanced by 3-4 orders of magnitude, mainly due to a boosted angular momentum evolution under tidal perturbation from the companion SMBH (galaxy). The QPE rate in a postmerger galactic nucleus hosting two equal-mass SMBHs separated by a few parsecs could reach $10^{-6}$--$10^{-5}\ \rm{yr}^{-1}$. Our results suggest that a nonnegligible fraction ($\simeq 10$--$90\%$) of long-period QPEs should come from postmerger galaxies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_01159 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Formation Rate of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in Galactic Nuclei Containing Single and Dual Supermassive Black Holes Cao, Chunyang Liu, F. K. Chen, Xian Li, Shuo High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Quasiperiodic eruptions (QPEs) are a novel class of transients recently discovered in a few extragalactic nuclei. It has been suggested that a QPE can be produced by a main-sequence star undergoing repeated partial disruptions by the tidal field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) immediately after getting captured on a tightly bound orbit through the Hills mechanism. In this Letter, we investigate the period-dependent formation rate of QPEs for this scenario, utilizing scattering experiments and the loss-cone theory. We calculate the QPE formation rates in both a single-SMBH and a dual-SMBH system, motivated by the overrepresentation of postmerger galaxies as QPE hosts. We find that for SMBHs of mass $10^{6}$--$10^{7}M_{\odot}$, most QPEs formed in this scenario have periods longer than $\simeq 100$ days. A single-SMBH system generally produces QPEs at a negligible rate of $10^{-10}$--$10^{-8}\ \rm{yr}^{-1}$ due to inefficient two-body relaxation. Meanwhile, in a dual-SMBH system, the QPE rate is enhanced by 3-4 orders of magnitude, mainly due to a boosted angular momentum evolution under tidal perturbation from the companion SMBH (galaxy). The QPE rate in a postmerger galactic nucleus hosting two equal-mass SMBHs separated by a few parsecs could reach $10^{-6}$--$10^{-5}\ \rm{yr}^{-1}$. Our results suggest that a nonnegligible fraction ($\simeq 10$--$90\%$) of long-period QPEs should come from postmerger galaxies. |
| title | Formation Rate of Quasiperiodic Eruptions in Galactic Nuclei Containing Single and Dual Supermassive Black Holes |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.01159 |