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Main Authors: Xie, Huang, Khorrami, Khazar, Räsänen, Okko, Virtanen, Tuomas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.01356
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author Xie, Huang
Khorrami, Khazar
Räsänen, Okko
Virtanen, Tuomas
author_facet Xie, Huang
Khorrami, Khazar
Räsänen, Okko
Virtanen, Tuomas
contents This paper proposes to use similarities of audio captions for estimating audio-caption relevances to be used for training text-based audio retrieval systems. Current audio-caption datasets (e.g., Clotho) contain audio samples paired with annotated captions, but lack relevance information about audio samples and captions beyond the annotated ones. Besides, mainstream approaches (e.g., CLAP) usually treat the annotated pairs as positives and consider all other audio-caption combinations as negatives, assuming a binary relevance between audio samples and captions. To infer the relevance between audio samples and arbitrary captions, we propose a method that computes non-binary audio-caption relevance scores based on the textual similarities of audio captions. We measure textual similarities of audio captions by calculating the cosine similarity of their Sentence-BERT embeddings and then transform these similarities into audio-caption relevance scores using a logistic function, thereby linking audio samples through their annotated captions to all other captions in the dataset. To integrate the computed relevances into training, we employ a listwise ranking objective, where relevance scores are converted into probabilities of ranking audio samples for a given textual query. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method by demonstrating improvements in text-based audio retrieval compared to methods that use binary audio-caption relevances for training.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_01356
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Text-based Audio Retrieval by Learning from Similarities between Audio Captions
Xie, Huang
Khorrami, Khazar
Räsänen, Okko
Virtanen, Tuomas
Audio and Speech Processing
This paper proposes to use similarities of audio captions for estimating audio-caption relevances to be used for training text-based audio retrieval systems. Current audio-caption datasets (e.g., Clotho) contain audio samples paired with annotated captions, but lack relevance information about audio samples and captions beyond the annotated ones. Besides, mainstream approaches (e.g., CLAP) usually treat the annotated pairs as positives and consider all other audio-caption combinations as negatives, assuming a binary relevance between audio samples and captions. To infer the relevance between audio samples and arbitrary captions, we propose a method that computes non-binary audio-caption relevance scores based on the textual similarities of audio captions. We measure textual similarities of audio captions by calculating the cosine similarity of their Sentence-BERT embeddings and then transform these similarities into audio-caption relevance scores using a logistic function, thereby linking audio samples through their annotated captions to all other captions in the dataset. To integrate the computed relevances into training, we employ a listwise ranking objective, where relevance scores are converted into probabilities of ranking audio samples for a given textual query. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method by demonstrating improvements in text-based audio retrieval compared to methods that use binary audio-caption relevances for training.
title Text-based Audio Retrieval by Learning from Similarities between Audio Captions
topic Audio and Speech Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.01356