Sample Complexity of Black Box Work Extraction
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866908617593061376 |
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| author | Chakraborty, Shantanav Das, Siddhartha Ghorui, Arnab Hazra, Soumyabrata Singh, Uttam |
| author_facet | Chakraborty, Shantanav Das, Siddhartha Ghorui, Arnab Hazra, Soumyabrata Singh, Uttam |
| contents | Extracting work from a physical system is one of the cornerstones of quantum thermodynamics. The extractable work, as quantified by ergotropy, necessitates a complete description of the quantum system. This is significantly more challenging when the state of the underlying system is unknown, as quantum tomography is extremely inefficient. In this article, we analyze the number of samples of the unknown state required to extract work. With only a single copy of an unknown state, we prove that ergotropy approaches zero in the asymptotic limit, rendering work extraction nearly impossible. In contrast, when multiple copies are available, we quantify the sample complexity required to estimate extractable work, establishing a scaling relationship that balances the desired accuracy with success probability. Our work develops a sample-efficient protocol to assess the utility of unknown states as quantum batteries and opens avenues for estimating thermodynamic quantities using near-term quantum computers. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_02673 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Sample Complexity of Black Box Work Extraction Chakraborty, Shantanav Das, Siddhartha Ghorui, Arnab Hazra, Soumyabrata Singh, Uttam Quantum Physics Mathematical Physics Extracting work from a physical system is one of the cornerstones of quantum thermodynamics. The extractable work, as quantified by ergotropy, necessitates a complete description of the quantum system. This is significantly more challenging when the state of the underlying system is unknown, as quantum tomography is extremely inefficient. In this article, we analyze the number of samples of the unknown state required to extract work. With only a single copy of an unknown state, we prove that ergotropy approaches zero in the asymptotic limit, rendering work extraction nearly impossible. In contrast, when multiple copies are available, we quantify the sample complexity required to estimate extractable work, establishing a scaling relationship that balances the desired accuracy with success probability. Our work develops a sample-efficient protocol to assess the utility of unknown states as quantum batteries and opens avenues for estimating thermodynamic quantities using near-term quantum computers. |
| title | Sample Complexity of Black Box Work Extraction |
| topic | Quantum Physics Mathematical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02673 |