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The neutron veto of the XENONnT experiment: Results with demineralized water

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Main Authors:	XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morá, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2024
Subjects:	Instrumentation and Detectors Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Experiment
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	XENON Collaboration Aprile, E. Aalbers, J. Abe, K. Maouloud, S. Ahmed Althueser, L. Andrieu, B. Angelino, E. Martin, D. Antón Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Bazyk, M. Bellagamba, L. Biondi, R. Bismark, A. Boese, K. Brown, A. Bruno, G. Budnik, R. Cai, C. Capelli, C. Cardoso, J. M. R. Chávez, A. P. Cimental Colijn, A. P. Conrad, J. Cuenca-García, J. J. D'Andrea, V. Garcia, L. C. Daniel Decowski, M. P. Deisting, A. Di Donato, C. Di Gangi, P. Diglio, S. Eitel, K. Morabit, S. el Elykov, A. Ferella, A. D. Ferrari, C. Fischer, H. Flehmke, T. Flierman, M. Fulgione, W. Fuselli, C. Gaemers, P. Gaior, R. Galloway, M. Gao, F. Ghosh, S. Giacomobono, R. Glade-Beucke, R. Grandi, L. Grigat, J. Guan, H. Guida, M. Gyorgy, P. Hammann, R. Higuera, A. Hils, C. Hoetzsch, L. Hood, N. F. Iacovacci, M. Itow, Y. Jakob, J. Joerg, F. Kaminaga, Y. Kara, M. Kavrigin, P. Kazama, S. Kobayashi, M. Koke, D. Kopec, A. Landsman, H. Lang, R. F. Levinson, L. Li, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lin, Y. -T. Lindemann, S. Lindner, M. Liu, K. Liu, M. Loizeau, J. Lombardi, F. Long, J. Lopes, J. A. M. Luce, T. Ma, Y. Macolino, C. Mahlstedt, J. Mancuso, A. Manenti, L. Marignetti, F. Undagoitia, T. Marrodán Martens, K. Masbou, J. Masson, E. Mastroianni, S. Melchiorre, A. Merz, J. Messina, M. Michael, A. Miuchi, K. Molinario, A. Moriyama, S. Morá, K. Mosbacher, Y. Murra, M. Müller, J. Ni, K. Oberlack, U. Paetsch, B. Pan, Y. Pellegrini, Q. Peres, R. Peters, C. Pienaar, J. Pierre, M. Plante, G. Pollmann, T. R. Principe, L. Qi, J. Qin, J. García, D. Ramírez Rajado, M. Singh, R. Sanchez, L. Santos, J. M. F. dos Sarnoff, I. Sartorelli, G. Schreiner, J. Schulte, P. Eißing, H. Schulze Schumann, M. Lavina, L. Scotto Selvi, M. Semeria, F. Shagin, P. Shi, S. Shi, J. Silva, M. Simgen, H. Szyszka, C. Takeda, A. Takeuchi, Y. Tan, P. -L. Thers, D. Toschi, F. Trinchero, G. Tunnell, C. D. Tönnies, F. Valerius, K. Vecchi, S. Vetter, S. Solar, F. I. Villazon Volta, G. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, M. Wenz, D. Wittweg, C. Wu, V. H. S. Xing, Y. Xu, D. Xu, Z. Yamashita, M. Yang, L. Ye, J. Yuan, L. Zavattini, G. Zhong, M.
author_facet	XENON Collaboration Aprile, E. Aalbers, J. Abe, K. Maouloud, S. Ahmed Althueser, L. Andrieu, B. Angelino, E. Martin, D. Antón Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Bazyk, M. Bellagamba, L. Biondi, R. Bismark, A. Boese, K. Brown, A. Bruno, G. Budnik, R. Cai, C. Capelli, C. Cardoso, J. M. R. Chávez, A. P. Cimental Colijn, A. P. Conrad, J. Cuenca-García, J. J. D'Andrea, V. Garcia, L. C. Daniel Decowski, M. P. Deisting, A. Di Donato, C. Di Gangi, P. Diglio, S. Eitel, K. Morabit, S. el Elykov, A. Ferella, A. D. Ferrari, C. Fischer, H. Flehmke, T. Flierman, M. Fulgione, W. Fuselli, C. Gaemers, P. Gaior, R. Galloway, M. Gao, F. Ghosh, S. Giacomobono, R. Glade-Beucke, R. Grandi, L. Grigat, J. Guan, H. Guida, M. Gyorgy, P. Hammann, R. Higuera, A. Hils, C. Hoetzsch, L. Hood, N. F. Iacovacci, M. Itow, Y. Jakob, J. Joerg, F. Kaminaga, Y. Kara, M. Kavrigin, P. Kazama, S. Kobayashi, M. Koke, D. Kopec, A. Landsman, H. Lang, R. F. Levinson, L. Li, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lin, Y. -T. Lindemann, S. Lindner, M. Liu, K. Liu, M. Loizeau, J. Lombardi, F. Long, J. Lopes, J. A. M. Luce, T. Ma, Y. Macolino, C. Mahlstedt, J. Mancuso, A. Manenti, L. Marignetti, F. Undagoitia, T. Marrodán Martens, K. Masbou, J. Masson, E. Mastroianni, S. Melchiorre, A. Merz, J. Messina, M. Michael, A. Miuchi, K. Molinario, A. Moriyama, S. Morá, K. Mosbacher, Y. Murra, M. Müller, J. Ni, K. Oberlack, U. Paetsch, B. Pan, Y. Pellegrini, Q. Peres, R. Peters, C. Pienaar, J. Pierre, M. Plante, G. Pollmann, T. R. Principe, L. Qi, J. Qin, J. García, D. Ramírez Rajado, M. Singh, R. Sanchez, L. Santos, J. M. F. dos Sarnoff, I. Sartorelli, G. Schreiner, J. Schulte, P. Eißing, H. Schulze Schumann, M. Lavina, L. Scotto Selvi, M. Semeria, F. Shagin, P. Shi, S. Shi, J. Silva, M. Simgen, H. Szyszka, C. Takeda, A. Takeuchi, Y. Tan, P. -L. Thers, D. Toschi, F. Trinchero, G. Tunnell, C. D. Tönnies, F. Valerius, K. Vecchi, S. Vetter, S. Solar, F. I. Villazon Volta, G. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, M. Wenz, D. Wittweg, C. Wu, V. H. S. Xing, Y. Xu, D. Xu, Z. Yamashita, M. Yang, L. Ye, J. Yuan, L. Zavattini, G. Zhong, M.
contents	Radiogenic neutrons emitted by detector materials are one of the most challenging backgrounds for the direct search of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). To mitigate this background, the XENONnT experiment is equipped with a novel gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector, which encloses the xenon dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The neutron veto (NV) tags neutrons via their capture on gadolinium or hydrogen, which release $γ$-rays that are subsequently detected as Cherenkov light. In this work, we present the key features and the first results of the XENONnT NV when operated with demineralized water in the initial phase of the experiment. Its efficiency for detecting neutrons is $(82\pm 1)\,\%$, the highest neutron detection efficiency achieved in a water Cherenkov detector. This enables a high efficiency of $(53\pm 3)\,\%$ for the tagging of WIMP-like neutron signals, inside a tagging time window of $250\,\mathrm{μs}$ between TPC and NV, leading to a livetime loss of $1.6\,\%$ during the first science run of XENONnT.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_05264
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The neutron veto of the XENONnT experiment: Results with demineralized water XENON Collaboration Aprile, E. Aalbers, J. Abe, K. Maouloud, S. Ahmed Althueser, L. Andrieu, B. Angelino, E. Martin, D. Antón Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Bazyk, M. Bellagamba, L. Biondi, R. Bismark, A. Boese, K. Brown, A. Bruno, G. Budnik, R. Cai, C. Capelli, C. Cardoso, J. M. R. Chávez, A. P. Cimental Colijn, A. P. Conrad, J. Cuenca-García, J. J. D'Andrea, V. Garcia, L. C. Daniel Decowski, M. P. Deisting, A. Di Donato, C. Di Gangi, P. Diglio, S. Eitel, K. Morabit, S. el Elykov, A. Ferella, A. D. Ferrari, C. Fischer, H. Flehmke, T. Flierman, M. Fulgione, W. Fuselli, C. Gaemers, P. Gaior, R. Galloway, M. Gao, F. Ghosh, S. Giacomobono, R. Glade-Beucke, R. Grandi, L. Grigat, J. Guan, H. Guida, M. Gyorgy, P. Hammann, R. Higuera, A. Hils, C. Hoetzsch, L. Hood, N. F. Iacovacci, M. Itow, Y. Jakob, J. Joerg, F. Kaminaga, Y. Kara, M. Kavrigin, P. Kazama, S. Kobayashi, M. Koke, D. Kopec, A. Landsman, H. Lang, R. F. Levinson, L. Li, I. Li, S. Liang, S. Lin, Y. -T. Lindemann, S. Lindner, M. Liu, K. Liu, M. Loizeau, J. Lombardi, F. Long, J. Lopes, J. A. M. Luce, T. Ma, Y. Macolino, C. Mahlstedt, J. Mancuso, A. Manenti, L. Marignetti, F. Undagoitia, T. Marrodán Martens, K. Masbou, J. Masson, E. Mastroianni, S. Melchiorre, A. Merz, J. Messina, M. Michael, A. Miuchi, K. Molinario, A. Moriyama, S. Morá, K. Mosbacher, Y. Murra, M. Müller, J. Ni, K. Oberlack, U. Paetsch, B. Pan, Y. Pellegrini, Q. Peres, R. Peters, C. Pienaar, J. Pierre, M. Plante, G. Pollmann, T. R. Principe, L. Qi, J. Qin, J. García, D. Ramírez Rajado, M. Singh, R. Sanchez, L. Santos, J. M. F. dos Sarnoff, I. Sartorelli, G. Schreiner, J. Schulte, P. Eißing, H. Schulze Schumann, M. Lavina, L. Scotto Selvi, M. Semeria, F. Shagin, P. Shi, S. Shi, J. Silva, M. Simgen, H. Szyszka, C. Takeda, A. Takeuchi, Y. Tan, P. -L. Thers, D. Toschi, F. Trinchero, G. Tunnell, C. D. Tönnies, F. Valerius, K. Vecchi, S. Vetter, S. Solar, F. I. Villazon Volta, G. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, M. Wenz, D. Wittweg, C. Wu, V. H. S. Xing, Y. Xu, D. Xu, Z. Yamashita, M. Yang, L. Ye, J. Yuan, L. Zavattini, G. Zhong, M. Instrumentation and Detectors Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Experiment Radiogenic neutrons emitted by detector materials are one of the most challenging backgrounds for the direct search of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). To mitigate this background, the XENONnT experiment is equipped with a novel gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector, which encloses the xenon dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The neutron veto (NV) tags neutrons via their capture on gadolinium or hydrogen, which release $γ$-rays that are subsequently detected as Cherenkov light. In this work, we present the key features and the first results of the XENONnT NV when operated with demineralized water in the initial phase of the experiment. Its efficiency for detecting neutrons is $(82\pm 1)\,\%$, the highest neutron detection efficiency achieved in a water Cherenkov detector. This enables a high efficiency of $(53\pm 3)\,\%$ for the tagging of WIMP-like neutron signals, inside a tagging time window of $250\,\mathrm{μs}$ between TPC and NV, leading to a livetime loss of $1.6\,\%$ during the first science run of XENONnT.
title	The neutron veto of the XENONnT experiment: Results with demineralized water
topic	Instrumentation and Detectors Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Experiment
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05264