_version_ 1866908185268322304
author Vítková, Michaela
Brahm, Rafael
Trifonov, Trifon
Kabáth, Petr
Jordán, Andrés
Henning, Thomas
Hobson, Melissa J.
Eberhardt, Jan
Pinto, Marcelo Tala
Rojas, Felipe I.
Espinoza, Nestor
Schlecker, Martin
Jones, Matías I.
Moyano, Maximiliano
Eyheramendy, Susana
Ziegler, Carl
Lissauer, Jack J.
Vanderburg, Andrew
Collins, Karen A.
Wohler, Bill
Watanabe, David
Ricker, George R.
Vanderspek, Roland
Seager, Sara
Winn, Joshua N.
Jenkins, Jon M.
Skarka, Marek
author_facet Vítková, Michaela
Brahm, Rafael
Trifonov, Trifon
Kabáth, Petr
Jordán, Andrés
Henning, Thomas
Hobson, Melissa J.
Eberhardt, Jan
Pinto, Marcelo Tala
Rojas, Felipe I.
Espinoza, Nestor
Schlecker, Martin
Jones, Matías I.
Moyano, Maximiliano
Eyheramendy, Susana
Ziegler, Carl
Lissauer, Jack J.
Vanderburg, Andrew
Collins, Karen A.
Wohler, Bill
Watanabe, David
Ricker, George R.
Vanderspek, Roland
Seager, Sara
Winn, Joshua N.
Jenkins, Jon M.
Skarka, Marek
contents We present a joint analysis of TTVs and Doppler data for the transiting exoplanet system TOI-4504. TOI-4504 c is a warm Jupiter-mass planet that exhibits the largest known transit timing variations (TTVs), with a peak-to-node amplitude of $\sim$ 2 days, the largest value ever observed, and a super-period of $\sim$ 930 d. TOI-4504 b and c were identified in public TESS data, while the TTVs observed in TOI-4504 c, together with radial velocity (RV) data collected with FEROS, allowed us to uncover a third, non-transiting planet in this system, TOI-4504 d. We were able to detect transits of TOI-4504 b in the TESS data with a period of 2.4261$\pm 0.0001$ days and derive a radius of 2.69$\pm 0.19$ R$_{\oplus}$. The RV scatter of TOI-4504 was too large to constrain the mass of TOI-4504 b, but the RV signals of TOI-4504 c \& d were sufficiently large to measure their masses. The TTV+RV dynamical model we apply confirms TOI-4504 c as a warm Jupiter planet with an osculating period of 82.54$\pm 0.02$ d, mass of 3.77$\pm 0.18$ M$_{\rm J}$ and a radius of 0.99$\pm 0.05$ R$_{\rm J}$, while the non-transiting planet TOI-4504 d, has an orbital period of 40.56$\pm 0.04$ days and mass of 1.42$_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ M$_{\rm J}$. We present the discovery of a system with three exoplanets: a hot sub-Neptune and two warm Jupiter planets. The gas giant pair is stable and likely locked in a first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR). The TOI-4504 system is an important addition to MMR pairs, whose increasing occurrence supports a smooth migration into a resonant configuration during the protoplanetary disk phase.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_05609
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TOI-4504: Exceptionally large Transit Timing Variations induced by two resonant warm gas giants in a three planet system
Vítková, Michaela
Brahm, Rafael
Trifonov, Trifon
Kabáth, Petr
Jordán, Andrés
Henning, Thomas
Hobson, Melissa J.
Eberhardt, Jan
Pinto, Marcelo Tala
Rojas, Felipe I.
Espinoza, Nestor
Schlecker, Martin
Jones, Matías I.
Moyano, Maximiliano
Eyheramendy, Susana
Ziegler, Carl
Lissauer, Jack J.
Vanderburg, Andrew
Collins, Karen A.
Wohler, Bill
Watanabe, David
Ricker, George R.
Vanderspek, Roland
Seager, Sara
Winn, Joshua N.
Jenkins, Jon M.
Skarka, Marek
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
We present a joint analysis of TTVs and Doppler data for the transiting exoplanet system TOI-4504. TOI-4504 c is a warm Jupiter-mass planet that exhibits the largest known transit timing variations (TTVs), with a peak-to-node amplitude of $\sim$ 2 days, the largest value ever observed, and a super-period of $\sim$ 930 d. TOI-4504 b and c were identified in public TESS data, while the TTVs observed in TOI-4504 c, together with radial velocity (RV) data collected with FEROS, allowed us to uncover a third, non-transiting planet in this system, TOI-4504 d. We were able to detect transits of TOI-4504 b in the TESS data with a period of 2.4261$\pm 0.0001$ days and derive a radius of 2.69$\pm 0.19$ R$_{\oplus}$. The RV scatter of TOI-4504 was too large to constrain the mass of TOI-4504 b, but the RV signals of TOI-4504 c \& d were sufficiently large to measure their masses. The TTV+RV dynamical model we apply confirms TOI-4504 c as a warm Jupiter planet with an osculating period of 82.54$\pm 0.02$ d, mass of 3.77$\pm 0.18$ M$_{\rm J}$ and a radius of 0.99$\pm 0.05$ R$_{\rm J}$, while the non-transiting planet TOI-4504 d, has an orbital period of 40.56$\pm 0.04$ days and mass of 1.42$_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ M$_{\rm J}$. We present the discovery of a system with three exoplanets: a hot sub-Neptune and two warm Jupiter planets. The gas giant pair is stable and likely locked in a first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR). The TOI-4504 system is an important addition to MMR pairs, whose increasing occurrence supports a smooth migration into a resonant configuration during the protoplanetary disk phase.
title TOI-4504: Exceptionally large Transit Timing Variations induced by two resonant warm gas giants in a three planet system
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05609