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Main Authors: Basak, Animesh, Dey, Rajat K.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05727
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author Basak, Animesh
Dey, Rajat K.
author_facet Basak, Animesh
Dey, Rajat K.
contents Based on a Monte Carlo simulation study of vertical extensive air showers (EAS) at the KASCADE location we introduce a new simple observable $η_{ρ{(45;310)}}$ (in short $η_ρ$) - the ratio between two lateral electron densities of an EAS measured at two well-defined radial distances indicated by the characteristic radial feature of the local age parameter (LAP). Our analyses of simulated data generated by the Group I nuclei with cosmic-ray elemental masses, $A_{\text{actual}}=1,4,12,16,24,32,40,56$, observed a double correlation of $η_ρ$ with, (i) the lateral shower age $s_{\text{av}}$, and (ii) $A_{\text{actual}}$ of the EAS initiating primary particle. Applying the first correlation to a new set of simulated showers initiated by the Group II nuclei with $A_{\text{actual}}=7,14,20,28,40,52$, the average difference between the lateral shower age $s_{\text{av}}$ obtained directly from the conventional LAP approach and the estimated one $s_{\text{est}}$ is found to be close to $0$. The second correlation involving $η_ρ$ with $A_{\text{actual}}$ applied to the set of such showers estimates the average atomic mass $<\ln{A_{\text{est}}}>$ of their shower initiating primaries, utilizing the $η_ρ$s. Results of the work revealed that the method of estimating the lateral shower age is almost high-energy interaction model-independent. A certain level of model dependence is albeit found in the case of $<\ln{A_{\text{est}}}>$ estimation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_05727
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A new basic air shower observable sensitive to the cosmic-ray elemental mass
Basak, Animesh
Dey, Rajat K.
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Based on a Monte Carlo simulation study of vertical extensive air showers (EAS) at the KASCADE location we introduce a new simple observable $η_{ρ{(45;310)}}$ (in short $η_ρ$) - the ratio between two lateral electron densities of an EAS measured at two well-defined radial distances indicated by the characteristic radial feature of the local age parameter (LAP). Our analyses of simulated data generated by the Group I nuclei with cosmic-ray elemental masses, $A_{\text{actual}}=1,4,12,16,24,32,40,56$, observed a double correlation of $η_ρ$ with, (i) the lateral shower age $s_{\text{av}}$, and (ii) $A_{\text{actual}}$ of the EAS initiating primary particle. Applying the first correlation to a new set of simulated showers initiated by the Group II nuclei with $A_{\text{actual}}=7,14,20,28,40,52$, the average difference between the lateral shower age $s_{\text{av}}$ obtained directly from the conventional LAP approach and the estimated one $s_{\text{est}}$ is found to be close to $0$. The second correlation involving $η_ρ$ with $A_{\text{actual}}$ applied to the set of such showers estimates the average atomic mass $<\ln{A_{\text{est}}}>$ of their shower initiating primaries, utilizing the $η_ρ$s. Results of the work revealed that the method of estimating the lateral shower age is almost high-energy interaction model-independent. A certain level of model dependence is albeit found in the case of $<\ln{A_{\text{est}}}>$ estimation.
title A new basic air shower observable sensitive to the cosmic-ray elemental mass
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05727