Heuristic-Induced Multimodal Risk Distribution Jailbreak Attack for Multimodal Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Teng, Ma, Xiaojun, Jia, Ranjie, Duan, Xinfeng, Li, Yihao, Huang, Xiaoshuang, Jia, Zhixuan, Chu, Wenqi, Ren
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2024
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author Teng, Ma
Xiaojun, Jia
Ranjie, Duan
Xinfeng, Li
Yihao, Huang
Xiaoshuang, Jia
Zhixuan, Chu
Wenqi, Ren
author_facet Teng, Ma
Xiaojun, Jia
Ranjie, Duan
Xinfeng, Li
Yihao, Huang
Xiaoshuang, Jia
Zhixuan, Chu
Wenqi, Ren
contents With the rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), concerns regarding their security have increasingly captured the attention of both academia and industry. Although MLLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, designing effective jailbreak attacks poses unique challenges, especially given the highly constrained adversarial capabilities in real-world deployment scenarios. Previous works concentrate risks into a single modality, resulting in limited jailbreak performance. In this paper, we propose a heuristic-induced multimodal risk distribution jailbreak attack method, called HIMRD, which is black-box and consists of two elements: multimodal risk distribution strategy and heuristic-induced search strategy. The multimodal risk distribution strategy is used to distribute harmful semantics into multiple modalities to effectively circumvent the single-modality protection mechanisms of MLLMs. The heuristic-induced search strategy identifies two types of prompts: the understanding-enhancing prompt, which helps MLLMs reconstruct the malicious prompt, and the inducing prompt, which increases the likelihood of affirmative outputs over refusals, enabling a successful jailbreak attack. HIMRD achieves an average attack success rate (ASR) of 90% across seven open-source MLLMs and an average ASR of around 68% in three closed-source MLLMs. HIMRD reveals cross-modal security vulnerabilities in current MLLMs and underscores the imperative for developing defensive strategies to mitigate such emerging risks. Code is available at https://github.com/MaTengSYSU/HIMRD-jailbreak.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_05934
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Heuristic-Induced Multimodal Risk Distribution Jailbreak Attack for Multimodal Large Language Models
Teng, Ma
Xiaojun, Jia
Ranjie, Duan
Xinfeng, Li
Yihao, Huang
Xiaoshuang, Jia
Zhixuan, Chu
Wenqi, Ren
Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
With the rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), concerns regarding their security have increasingly captured the attention of both academia and industry. Although MLLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, designing effective jailbreak attacks poses unique challenges, especially given the highly constrained adversarial capabilities in real-world deployment scenarios. Previous works concentrate risks into a single modality, resulting in limited jailbreak performance. In this paper, we propose a heuristic-induced multimodal risk distribution jailbreak attack method, called HIMRD, which is black-box and consists of two elements: multimodal risk distribution strategy and heuristic-induced search strategy. The multimodal risk distribution strategy is used to distribute harmful semantics into multiple modalities to effectively circumvent the single-modality protection mechanisms of MLLMs. The heuristic-induced search strategy identifies two types of prompts: the understanding-enhancing prompt, which helps MLLMs reconstruct the malicious prompt, and the inducing prompt, which increases the likelihood of affirmative outputs over refusals, enabling a successful jailbreak attack. HIMRD achieves an average attack success rate (ASR) of 90% across seven open-source MLLMs and an average ASR of around 68% in three closed-source MLLMs. HIMRD reveals cross-modal security vulnerabilities in current MLLMs and underscores the imperative for developing defensive strategies to mitigate such emerging risks. Code is available at https://github.com/MaTengSYSU/HIMRD-jailbreak.
title Heuristic-Induced Multimodal Risk Distribution Jailbreak Attack for Multimodal Large Language Models
topic Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05934