The smallest singular value for rectangular random matrices with Lévy entries

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Han, Yi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Han, Yi
author_facet Han, Yi
contents Let $X=(x_{ij})\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times n}$ be a rectangular random matrix with i.i.d. entries (we assume $N/n\to\mathbf{a}>1$), and denote by $σ_{min}(X)$ its smallest singular value. When entries have mean zero and unit second moment, the celebrated work of Bai-Yin and Tikhomirov show that $n^{-\frac{1}{2}}σ_{min}(X)$ converges almost surely to $\sqrt{\mathbf{a}}-1.$ However, little is known when the second moment is infinite. In this work we consider symmetric entry distributions satisfying $\mathbb{P}(|x_{ij}|>t)\sim t^{-α}$ for some $α\in(0,2)$, and prove that $σ_{min}(X)$ can be determined up to a log factor with high probability: for any $D>0$, with probability at least $1-n^{-D}$ we have $$C_1n^{\frac{1}α}(\log n)^\frac{2(α-2)}α\leq σ_{min}(X)\leq C_2n^{\frac{1}α}(\log n)^\frac{α-2}{2α}$$ for some constants $C_1,C_2>0$. The upper bound was derived in a recent work of Bao, Lee and Xu \cite{bao2024phase2} but the lower bound is new and answers a problem posed in that paper in a weaker form. This appears to be the first determination of $σ_{min}(X)$ in the $α$-stable case with a correct leading order of $n$, as previous anti-concentration arguments only yield lower bound $n^\frac{1}{2}$. The same lower bound holds for $σ_{min}(X+B)$ for any fixed rectangular matrix $B$ with no assumption on its operator norm. The case of diverging aspect ratio is also computed.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_06246
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The smallest singular value for rectangular random matrices with Lévy entries
Han, Yi
Probability
Let $X=(x_{ij})\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times n}$ be a rectangular random matrix with i.i.d. entries (we assume $N/n\to\mathbf{a}>1$), and denote by $σ_{min}(X)$ its smallest singular value. When entries have mean zero and unit second moment, the celebrated work of Bai-Yin and Tikhomirov show that $n^{-\frac{1}{2}}σ_{min}(X)$ converges almost surely to $\sqrt{\mathbf{a}}-1.$ However, little is known when the second moment is infinite. In this work we consider symmetric entry distributions satisfying $\mathbb{P}(|x_{ij}|>t)\sim t^{-α}$ for some $α\in(0,2)$, and prove that $σ_{min}(X)$ can be determined up to a log factor with high probability: for any $D>0$, with probability at least $1-n^{-D}$ we have $$C_1n^{\frac{1}α}(\log n)^\frac{2(α-2)}α\leq σ_{min}(X)\leq C_2n^{\frac{1}α}(\log n)^\frac{α-2}{2α}$$ for some constants $C_1,C_2>0$. The upper bound was derived in a recent work of Bao, Lee and Xu \cite{bao2024phase2} but the lower bound is new and answers a problem posed in that paper in a weaker form. This appears to be the first determination of $σ_{min}(X)$ in the $α$-stable case with a correct leading order of $n$, as previous anti-concentration arguments only yield lower bound $n^\frac{1}{2}$. The same lower bound holds for $σ_{min}(X+B)$ for any fixed rectangular matrix $B$ with no assumption on its operator norm. The case of diverging aspect ratio is also computed.
title The smallest singular value for rectangular random matrices with Lévy entries
topic Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.06246