Energy Guided smoothness to improve Robustness in Graph Classification

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wani, Farooq Ahmad, Bucarelli, Maria Sofia, Di Francesco, Andrea Giuseppe, Pryymak, Oleksandr, Silvestri, Fabrizio
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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_version_ 1866915776454197248
author Wani, Farooq Ahmad
Bucarelli, Maria Sofia
Di Francesco, Andrea Giuseppe
Pryymak, Oleksandr
Silvestri, Fabrizio
author_facet Wani, Farooq Ahmad
Bucarelli, Maria Sofia
Di Francesco, Andrea Giuseppe
Pryymak, Oleksandr
Silvestri, Fabrizio
contents Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful at solving graph classification tasks, yet applied problems often contain noisy labels. In this work, we study GNN robustness to label noise, demonstrate GNN failure modes when models struggle to generalise on low-order graphs, low label coverage, or when a model is over-parameterized. We establish both empirical and theoretical links between GNN robustness and the reduction of the total Dirichlet Energy of learned node representations, which encapsulates the hypothesized GNN smoothness inductive bias. Finally, we introduce two training strategies to enhance GNN robustness: (1) by incorporating a novel inductive bias in the weight matrices through the removal of negative eigenvalues, connected to Dirichlet Energy minimization; (2) by extending to GNNs a loss penalty that promotes learned smoothness. Importantly, neither approach negatively impacts performance in noise-free settings, supporting our hypothesis that the source of GNNs robustness is their smoothness inductive bias.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_08419
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Energy Guided smoothness to improve Robustness in Graph Classification
Wani, Farooq Ahmad
Bucarelli, Maria Sofia
Di Francesco, Andrea Giuseppe
Pryymak, Oleksandr
Silvestri, Fabrizio
Machine Learning
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful at solving graph classification tasks, yet applied problems often contain noisy labels. In this work, we study GNN robustness to label noise, demonstrate GNN failure modes when models struggle to generalise on low-order graphs, low label coverage, or when a model is over-parameterized. We establish both empirical and theoretical links between GNN robustness and the reduction of the total Dirichlet Energy of learned node representations, which encapsulates the hypothesized GNN smoothness inductive bias. Finally, we introduce two training strategies to enhance GNN robustness: (1) by incorporating a novel inductive bias in the weight matrices through the removal of negative eigenvalues, connected to Dirichlet Energy minimization; (2) by extending to GNNs a loss penalty that promotes learned smoothness. Importantly, neither approach negatively impacts performance in noise-free settings, supporting our hypothesis that the source of GNNs robustness is their smoothness inductive bias.
title Energy Guided smoothness to improve Robustness in Graph Classification
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08419