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Main Authors: Zohar, Orr, Wang, Xiaohan, Dubois, Yann, Mehta, Nikhil, Xiao, Tong, Hansen-Estruch, Philippe, Yu, Licheng, Wang, Xiaofang, Juefei-Xu, Felix, Zhang, Ning, Yeung-Levy, Serena, Xia, Xide
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10360
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author Zohar, Orr
Wang, Xiaohan
Dubois, Yann
Mehta, Nikhil
Xiao, Tong
Hansen-Estruch, Philippe
Yu, Licheng
Wang, Xiaofang
Juefei-Xu, Felix
Zhang, Ning
Yeung-Levy, Serena
Xia, Xide
author_facet Zohar, Orr
Wang, Xiaohan
Dubois, Yann
Mehta, Nikhil
Xiao, Tong
Hansen-Estruch, Philippe
Yu, Licheng
Wang, Xiaofang
Juefei-Xu, Felix
Zhang, Ning
Yeung-Levy, Serena
Xia, Xide
contents Despite the rapid integration of video perception capabilities into Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), the underlying mechanisms driving their video understanding remain poorly understood. Consequently, many design decisions in this domain are made without proper justification or analysis. The high computational cost of training and evaluating such models, coupled with limited open research, hinders the development of video-LMMs. To address this, we present a comprehensive study that helps uncover what effectively drives video understanding in LMMs. We begin by critically examining the primary contributors to the high computational requirements associated with video-LMM research and discover Scaling Consistency, wherein design and training decisions made on smaller models and datasets (up to a critical size) effectively transfer to larger models. Leveraging these insights, we explored many video-specific aspects of video-LMMs, including video sampling, architectures, data composition, training schedules, and more. For example, we demonstrated that fps sampling during training is vastly preferable to uniform frame sampling and which vision encoders are the best for video representation. Guided by these findings, we introduce Apollo, a state-of-the-art family of LMMs that achieve superior performance across different model sizes. Our models can perceive hour-long videos efficiently, with Apollo-3B outperforming most existing $7$B models with an impressive 55.1 on LongVideoBench. Apollo-7B is state-of-the-art compared to 7B LMMs with a 70.9 on MLVU, and 63.3 on Video-MME.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_10360
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Apollo: An Exploration of Video Understanding in Large Multimodal Models
Zohar, Orr
Wang, Xiaohan
Dubois, Yann
Mehta, Nikhil
Xiao, Tong
Hansen-Estruch, Philippe
Yu, Licheng
Wang, Xiaofang
Juefei-Xu, Felix
Zhang, Ning
Yeung-Levy, Serena
Xia, Xide
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Despite the rapid integration of video perception capabilities into Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), the underlying mechanisms driving their video understanding remain poorly understood. Consequently, many design decisions in this domain are made without proper justification or analysis. The high computational cost of training and evaluating such models, coupled with limited open research, hinders the development of video-LMMs. To address this, we present a comprehensive study that helps uncover what effectively drives video understanding in LMMs. We begin by critically examining the primary contributors to the high computational requirements associated with video-LMM research and discover Scaling Consistency, wherein design and training decisions made on smaller models and datasets (up to a critical size) effectively transfer to larger models. Leveraging these insights, we explored many video-specific aspects of video-LMMs, including video sampling, architectures, data composition, training schedules, and more. For example, we demonstrated that fps sampling during training is vastly preferable to uniform frame sampling and which vision encoders are the best for video representation. Guided by these findings, we introduce Apollo, a state-of-the-art family of LMMs that achieve superior performance across different model sizes. Our models can perceive hour-long videos efficiently, with Apollo-3B outperforming most existing $7$B models with an impressive 55.1 on LongVideoBench. Apollo-7B is state-of-the-art compared to 7B LMMs with a 70.9 on MLVU, and 63.3 on Video-MME.
title Apollo: An Exploration of Video Understanding in Large Multimodal Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10360