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Demonstrating dynamic surface codes

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Eickbusch, Alec, McEwen, Matt, Sivak, Volodymyr, Bourassa, Alexandre, Atalaya, Juan, Claes, Jahan, Kafri, Dvir, Gidney, Craig, Warren, Christopher W., Gross, Jonathan, Opremcak, Alex, Zobrist, Nicholas, Miao, Kevin C., Roberts, Gabrielle, Satzinger, Kevin J., Bengtsson, Andreas, Neeley, Matthew, Livingston, William P., Greene, Alex, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Aigeldinger, Georg, Alcaraz, Ross, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bilmes, Alexander, Bovaird, Jenna, Bowers, Dylan, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chiaro, Ben, Chih, Liang-Ying, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, De Lorenzo, Laura, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya K., Dunsworth, Andrew, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Garcia, Gonzalo, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Ha, Tan, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hiltermann, Reno, Hilton, Jeremy, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jin, Xiaoxuan, Jones, Cody, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kabel, Andreas, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Lau, Kim-Ming, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Guevel, Loïck Le, Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Oas, Logan, Orosco, Raymond, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Rosenberg, Eliott, Rossi, Elizabeth, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Schurkus, Henry F., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Tomita, Eifu, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Waltz, Jonathan, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weidel, Travis, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Woodson, Maddy, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Bacon, Dave, Chen, Zijun, Klimov, Paul V., Roushan, Pedram, Neill, Charles, Chen, Yu, Morvan, Alexis
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2024
Subjects:	Quantum Physics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Eickbusch, Alec McEwen, Matt Sivak, Volodymyr Bourassa, Alexandre Atalaya, Juan Claes, Jahan Kafri, Dvir Gidney, Craig Warren, Christopher W. Gross, Jonathan Opremcak, Alex Zobrist, Nicholas Miao, Kevin C. Roberts, Gabrielle Satzinger, Kevin J. Bengtsson, Andreas Neeley, Matthew Livingston, William P. Greene, Alex Acharya, Rajeev Beni, Laleh Aghababaie Aigeldinger, Georg Alcaraz, Ross Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Babbush, Ryan Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bilmes, Alexander Bovaird, Jenna Bowers, Dylan Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chiaro, Ben Chih, Liang-Ying Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Barba, Alexander Del Toro Demura, Sean De Lorenzo, Laura Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya K. Dunsworth, Andrew Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Ha, Tan Habegger, Steve Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hiltermann, Reno Hilton, Jeremy Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jin, Xiaoxuan Jones, Cody Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kabel, Andreas Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Lau, Kim-Ming Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Guevel, Loïck Le Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Maloney, Ashley Mandrà, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Movassagh, Ramis Newman, Michael Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Oas, Logan Orosco, Raymond Ottosson, Kristoffer Pizzuto, Alex Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Rosenberg, Eliott Rossi, Elizabeth Sankaragomathi, Kannan Schurkus, Henry F. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Small, Spencer Smith, W. Clarke Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Tomita, Eifu Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Waltz, Jonathan Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weidel, Travis White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Woodson, Maddy Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Boixo, Sergio Kelly, Julian Smelyanskiy, Vadim Neven, Hartmut Bacon, Dave Chen, Zijun Klimov, Paul V. Roushan, Pedram Neill, Charles Chen, Yu Morvan, Alexis
author_facet	Eickbusch, Alec McEwen, Matt Sivak, Volodymyr Bourassa, Alexandre Atalaya, Juan Claes, Jahan Kafri, Dvir Gidney, Craig Warren, Christopher W. Gross, Jonathan Opremcak, Alex Zobrist, Nicholas Miao, Kevin C. Roberts, Gabrielle Satzinger, Kevin J. Bengtsson, Andreas Neeley, Matthew Livingston, William P. Greene, Alex Acharya, Rajeev Beni, Laleh Aghababaie Aigeldinger, Georg Alcaraz, Ross Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Babbush, Ryan Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bilmes, Alexander Bovaird, Jenna Bowers, Dylan Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chiaro, Ben Chih, Liang-Ying Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Barba, Alexander Del Toro Demura, Sean De Lorenzo, Laura Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya K. Dunsworth, Andrew Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Ha, Tan Habegger, Steve Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hiltermann, Reno Hilton, Jeremy Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jin, Xiaoxuan Jones, Cody Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kabel, Andreas Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Lau, Kim-Ming Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Guevel, Loïck Le Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Maloney, Ashley Mandrà, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Movassagh, Ramis Newman, Michael Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Oas, Logan Orosco, Raymond Ottosson, Kristoffer Pizzuto, Alex Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Rosenberg, Eliott Rossi, Elizabeth Sankaragomathi, Kannan Schurkus, Henry F. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Small, Spencer Smith, W. Clarke Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Tomita, Eifu Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Waltz, Jonathan Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weidel, Travis White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Woodson, Maddy Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Boixo, Sergio Kelly, Julian Smelyanskiy, Vadim Neven, Hartmut Bacon, Dave Chen, Zijun Klimov, Paul V. Roushan, Pedram Neill, Charles Chen, Yu Morvan, Alexis
contents	A remarkable characteristic of quantum computing is the potential for reliable computation despite faulty qubits. This can be achieved through quantum error correction, which is typically implemented by repeatedly applying static syndrome checks, permitting correction of logical information. Recently, the development of time-dynamic approaches to error correction has uncovered new codes and new code implementations. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate three time-dynamic implementations of the surface code, each offering a unique solution to hardware design challenges and introducing flexibility in surface code realization. First, we embed the surface code on a hexagonal lattice, reducing the necessary couplings per qubit from four to three. Second, we walk a surface code, swapping the role of data and measure qubits each round, achieving error correction with built-in removal of accumulated non-computational errors. Finally, we realize the surface code using iSWAP gates instead of the traditional CNOT, extending the set of viable gates for error correction without additional overhead. We measure the error suppression factor when scaling from distance-3 to distance-5 codes of $Λ_{35,\text{hex}} = 2.15(2)$, $Λ_{35,\text{walk}} = 1.69(6)$, and $Λ_{35,\text{iSWAP}} = 1.56(2)$, achieving state-of-the-art error suppression for each. With detailed error budgeting, we explore their performance trade-offs and implications for hardware design. This work demonstrates that dynamic circuit approaches satisfy the demands for fault-tolerance and opens new alternative avenues for scalable hardware design.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_14360
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Demonstrating dynamic surface codes Eickbusch, Alec McEwen, Matt Sivak, Volodymyr Bourassa, Alexandre Atalaya, Juan Claes, Jahan Kafri, Dvir Gidney, Craig Warren, Christopher W. Gross, Jonathan Opremcak, Alex Zobrist, Nicholas Miao, Kevin C. Roberts, Gabrielle Satzinger, Kevin J. Bengtsson, Andreas Neeley, Matthew Livingston, William P. Greene, Alex Acharya, Rajeev Beni, Laleh Aghababaie Aigeldinger, Georg Alcaraz, Ross Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Babbush, Ryan Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bilmes, Alexander Bovaird, Jenna Bowers, Dylan Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chiaro, Ben Chih, Liang-Ying Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Barba, Alexander Del Toro Demura, Sean De Lorenzo, Laura Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya K. Dunsworth, Andrew Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Ha, Tan Habegger, Steve Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hiltermann, Reno Hilton, Jeremy Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jin, Xiaoxuan Jones, Cody Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kabel, Andreas Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Lau, Kim-Ming Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Guevel, Loïck Le Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Maloney, Ashley Mandrà, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Movassagh, Ramis Newman, Michael Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Oas, Logan Orosco, Raymond Ottosson, Kristoffer Pizzuto, Alex Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Rosenberg, Eliott Rossi, Elizabeth Sankaragomathi, Kannan Schurkus, Henry F. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Small, Spencer Smith, W. Clarke Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Tomita, Eifu Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Waltz, Jonathan Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weidel, Travis White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Woodson, Maddy Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Boixo, Sergio Kelly, Julian Smelyanskiy, Vadim Neven, Hartmut Bacon, Dave Chen, Zijun Klimov, Paul V. Roushan, Pedram Neill, Charles Chen, Yu Morvan, Alexis Quantum Physics A remarkable characteristic of quantum computing is the potential for reliable computation despite faulty qubits. This can be achieved through quantum error correction, which is typically implemented by repeatedly applying static syndrome checks, permitting correction of logical information. Recently, the development of time-dynamic approaches to error correction has uncovered new codes and new code implementations. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate three time-dynamic implementations of the surface code, each offering a unique solution to hardware design challenges and introducing flexibility in surface code realization. First, we embed the surface code on a hexagonal lattice, reducing the necessary couplings per qubit from four to three. Second, we walk a surface code, swapping the role of data and measure qubits each round, achieving error correction with built-in removal of accumulated non-computational errors. Finally, we realize the surface code using iSWAP gates instead of the traditional CNOT, extending the set of viable gates for error correction without additional overhead. We measure the error suppression factor when scaling from distance-3 to distance-5 codes of $Λ_{35,\text{hex}} = 2.15(2)$, $Λ_{35,\text{walk}} = 1.69(6)$, and $Λ_{35,\text{iSWAP}} = 1.56(2)$, achieving state-of-the-art error suppression for each. With detailed error budgeting, we explore their performance trade-offs and implications for hardware design. This work demonstrates that dynamic circuit approaches satisfy the demands for fault-tolerance and opens new alternative avenues for scalable hardware design.
title	Demonstrating dynamic surface codes
topic	Quantum Physics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14360