Phase transition in evolving networks that combine preferential attachment and random node deletion

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Budnick, Barak, Biham, Ofer, Katzav, Eytan
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2024
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author Budnick, Barak
Biham, Ofer
Katzav, Eytan
author_facet Budnick, Barak
Biham, Ofer
Katzav, Eytan
contents Analytical results are presented for the structure of networks that evolve via a preferential-attachment-random-deletion (PARD) model in the regime of overall network growth and in the regime of overall contraction. The phase transition between the two regimes is studied. At each time step a node addition and preferential attachment step takes place with probability $P_{\rm add}$, and a random node deletion step takes place with probability $P_{\rm del} = 1 - P_{\rm add}$. The balance between growth and contraction is captured by the parameter $η= P_{\rm add} - P_{\rm del}$, which in the regime of overall network growth satisfies $0 < η\le 1$ and in the regime of overall network contraction $-1 \le η< 0$. Using the master equation and computer simulations we show that for $-1 < η< 0$ the time-dependent degree distribution $P_t(k)$ converges towards a stationary form $P_{\rm st}(k)$ which exhibits an exponential tail. This is in contrast with the power-law tail of the stationary degree distribution obtained for $0 < η\le 1$. Thus, the PARD model has a phase transition at $η=0$, which separates between two structurally distinct phases. At the transition, for $η=0$, the degree distribution exhibits a stretched exponential tail. While the stationary degree distribution in the phase of overall growth represents an asymptotic state, in the phase of overall contraction $P_{\rm st}(k)$ represents an intermediate asymptotic state of a finite life span, which disappears when the network vanishes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_14549
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Phase transition in evolving networks that combine preferential attachment and random node deletion
Budnick, Barak
Biham, Ofer
Katzav, Eytan
Statistical Mechanics
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Physics and Society
Analytical results are presented for the structure of networks that evolve via a preferential-attachment-random-deletion (PARD) model in the regime of overall network growth and in the regime of overall contraction. The phase transition between the two regimes is studied. At each time step a node addition and preferential attachment step takes place with probability $P_{\rm add}$, and a random node deletion step takes place with probability $P_{\rm del} = 1 - P_{\rm add}$. The balance between growth and contraction is captured by the parameter $η= P_{\rm add} - P_{\rm del}$, which in the regime of overall network growth satisfies $0 < η\le 1$ and in the regime of overall network contraction $-1 \le η< 0$. Using the master equation and computer simulations we show that for $-1 < η< 0$ the time-dependent degree distribution $P_t(k)$ converges towards a stationary form $P_{\rm st}(k)$ which exhibits an exponential tail. This is in contrast with the power-law tail of the stationary degree distribution obtained for $0 < η\le 1$. Thus, the PARD model has a phase transition at $η=0$, which separates between two structurally distinct phases. At the transition, for $η=0$, the degree distribution exhibits a stretched exponential tail. While the stationary degree distribution in the phase of overall growth represents an asymptotic state, in the phase of overall contraction $P_{\rm st}(k)$ represents an intermediate asymptotic state of a finite life span, which disappears when the network vanishes.
title Phase transition in evolving networks that combine preferential attachment and random node deletion
topic Statistical Mechanics
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Physics and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14549