On arithmetic terms expressing the prime-counting function and the n-th prime

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Prunescu, Mihai, Shunia, Joseph M.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2024
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author Prunescu, Mihai
Shunia, Joseph M.
author_facet Prunescu, Mihai
Shunia, Joseph M.
contents We present the first fixed-length elementary closed-form expressions for the prime-counting function, $π(n)$, and the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$. These expressions are arithmetic terms, requiring only a finite and fixed number of elementary arithmetic operations from the set: addition, subtraction, multiplication, integer division, and exponentiation. Mazzanti proved that every Kalmar function can be represented as an arithmetic term. We develop an arithmetic term representing the prime omega function, $ω(n)$, which counts the number of distinct prime divisors of a positive integer $n$. From this term, we find immediately an arithmetic term for the prime-counting function, $π(n)$. Combining these results with a new arithmetic term for binomial coefficients and novel prime-related exponential Diophantine equations, we manage to develop an arithmetic term for the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$, thereby providing a constructive solution to the fundamental question: Is there an order to the primes?
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_14594
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On arithmetic terms expressing the prime-counting function and the n-th prime
Prunescu, Mihai
Shunia, Joseph M.
Number Theory
11A41 (primary), 11A25, 03D20 (secondary)
We present the first fixed-length elementary closed-form expressions for the prime-counting function, $π(n)$, and the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$. These expressions are arithmetic terms, requiring only a finite and fixed number of elementary arithmetic operations from the set: addition, subtraction, multiplication, integer division, and exponentiation. Mazzanti proved that every Kalmar function can be represented as an arithmetic term. We develop an arithmetic term representing the prime omega function, $ω(n)$, which counts the number of distinct prime divisors of a positive integer $n$. From this term, we find immediately an arithmetic term for the prime-counting function, $π(n)$. Combining these results with a new arithmetic term for binomial coefficients and novel prime-related exponential Diophantine equations, we manage to develop an arithmetic term for the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$, thereby providing a constructive solution to the fundamental question: Is there an order to the primes?
title On arithmetic terms expressing the prime-counting function and the n-th prime
topic Number Theory
11A41 (primary), 11A25, 03D20 (secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14594