A Large Molecular Gas Reservoir in the Protocluster SPT2349$-$56 at $z\,{=}\,4.3$

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Zhou, Dazhi, Chapman, Scott C., Sulzenauer, Nikolaus, Hill, Ryley, Aravena, Manuel, Araya-Araya, Pablo, Cathey, Jared, Marrone, Daniel P., Phadke, Kedar A., Reuter, Cassie, Solimano, Manuel, Spilker, Justin S., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vizgan, David, Wang, George C. P., Weiss, Axel
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2024
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author Zhou, Dazhi
Chapman, Scott C.
Sulzenauer, Nikolaus
Hill, Ryley
Aravena, Manuel
Araya-Araya, Pablo
Cathey, Jared
Marrone, Daniel P.
Phadke, Kedar A.
Reuter, Cassie
Solimano, Manuel
Spilker, Justin S.
Vieira, Joaquin D.
Vizgan, David
Wang, George C. P.
Weiss, Axel
author_facet Zhou, Dazhi
Chapman, Scott C.
Sulzenauer, Nikolaus
Hill, Ryley
Aravena, Manuel
Araya-Araya, Pablo
Cathey, Jared
Marrone, Daniel P.
Phadke, Kedar A.
Reuter, Cassie
Solimano, Manuel
Spilker, Justin S.
Vieira, Joaquin D.
Vizgan, David
Wang, George C. P.
Weiss, Axel
contents We present Atacama Compact Array (ACA) Band-3 observations of the protocluster SPT2349$-$56, an extreme system hosting ${\gtrsim}\,12$ submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z\,{=}\,4.3$, to study its integrated molecular gas content via CO(4-3) and long-wavelength dust continuum. The $\sim$30-hour integration represents one of the longest exposures yet taken on a single pointing with the ACA 7-m. The low-resolution ACA data ($21.0''\,{\times}\,12.2''$) reveal a 75% excess CO(4-3) flux compared to the sum of individual sources detected in higher-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) data ($1.0''\,{\times}\,0.8''$). Our work also reveals a similar result by tapering the ALMA data to $10''$. In contrast, the 3.2mm dust continuum shows little discrepancy between ACA and ALMA. A single-dish [CII] spectrum obtained by APEX/FLASH supports the ACA CO(4-3) result, revealing a large excess in [CII] emission relative to ALMA. The missing flux is unlikely due to undetected faint sources but instead suggests that high-resolution ALMA observations might miss extended and low-surface-brightness gas. Such emission could originate from the circum-galactic medium (CGM) or the pre-heated proto-intracluster medium (proto-ICM). If this molecular gas reservoir replenishes the star formation fuel, the overall depletion timescale will exceed 400Myr, reducing the requirement for the simultaneous SMG activity in SPT2349$-$56. Our results highlight the role of an extended gas reservoir in sustaining a high star formation rate (SFR) in SPT2349$-$56, and potentially establishing the ICM during the transition phase to a mature cluster.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_17980
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Large Molecular Gas Reservoir in the Protocluster SPT2349$-$56 at $z\,{=}\,4.3$
Zhou, Dazhi
Chapman, Scott C.
Sulzenauer, Nikolaus
Hill, Ryley
Aravena, Manuel
Araya-Araya, Pablo
Cathey, Jared
Marrone, Daniel P.
Phadke, Kedar A.
Reuter, Cassie
Solimano, Manuel
Spilker, Justin S.
Vieira, Joaquin D.
Vizgan, David
Wang, George C. P.
Weiss, Axel
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We present Atacama Compact Array (ACA) Band-3 observations of the protocluster SPT2349$-$56, an extreme system hosting ${\gtrsim}\,12$ submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z\,{=}\,4.3$, to study its integrated molecular gas content via CO(4-3) and long-wavelength dust continuum. The $\sim$30-hour integration represents one of the longest exposures yet taken on a single pointing with the ACA 7-m. The low-resolution ACA data ($21.0''\,{\times}\,12.2''$) reveal a 75% excess CO(4-3) flux compared to the sum of individual sources detected in higher-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) data ($1.0''\,{\times}\,0.8''$). Our work also reveals a similar result by tapering the ALMA data to $10''$. In contrast, the 3.2mm dust continuum shows little discrepancy between ACA and ALMA. A single-dish [CII] spectrum obtained by APEX/FLASH supports the ACA CO(4-3) result, revealing a large excess in [CII] emission relative to ALMA. The missing flux is unlikely due to undetected faint sources but instead suggests that high-resolution ALMA observations might miss extended and low-surface-brightness gas. Such emission could originate from the circum-galactic medium (CGM) or the pre-heated proto-intracluster medium (proto-ICM). If this molecular gas reservoir replenishes the star formation fuel, the overall depletion timescale will exceed 400Myr, reducing the requirement for the simultaneous SMG activity in SPT2349$-$56. Our results highlight the role of an extended gas reservoir in sustaining a high star formation rate (SFR) in SPT2349$-$56, and potentially establishing the ICM during the transition phase to a mature cluster.
title A Large Molecular Gas Reservoir in the Protocluster SPT2349$-$56 at $z\,{=}\,4.3$
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17980