Global analysis of the non-uniformity of nucleon density distributions
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866910777496043520 |
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| author | Ebata, Shuichiro Horiuchi, Wataru |
| author_facet | Ebata, Shuichiro Horiuchi, Wataru |
| contents | Background: Saturation of nuclear density is a fundamental property of atomic nuclei but in reality, the nuclear internal density distribution is not uniform, e.g., some nuclei are known to have the so-called bubble structure, in which the central density is depressed.
Purpose: We aim to unveil the emergent mechanism of the non-uniformity of the nucleon density distributions for whole nuclear mass regions, not only for a typical bubble structure.
Method: We systematically investigate the nucleon density distributions using the Skyrme Hartree-Fock plus Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer calculation represented in the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space. The ground states of 1,389 even-even nuclei are generated. To quantify the nonuniformity of these density distributions, a ``generalized bubble parameter" is introduced.
Results: We find that the bubble structure appears around the magic numbers, which correspond to the regions where the s orbit appears near the Fermi surface. The nuclear deformation and pairing correlations strongly affect the occupation probability, but the robust bubble structure of a medium mass nucleus, $^{100}$Sn, is found. We confirm that the Coulomb force enhances the bubble degree in the superheavy region. The nuclear non-uniformity is further generalized by the ``multi-layered" bubble structure, which exhibits some density depression in the internal regions of the density distributions.
Conclusion: The non-uniformity of the internal density distribution occurs due to the deficiency of the specific single-particle orbits: the nodal $s$, $p$, and $d$ orbits. This is certainly reflected in the density distribution near the nuclear surface, which can be deduced from proton-elastic scattering. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_18269 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Global analysis of the non-uniformity of nucleon density distributions Ebata, Shuichiro Horiuchi, Wataru Nuclear Theory Background: Saturation of nuclear density is a fundamental property of atomic nuclei but in reality, the nuclear internal density distribution is not uniform, e.g., some nuclei are known to have the so-called bubble structure, in which the central density is depressed. Purpose: We aim to unveil the emergent mechanism of the non-uniformity of the nucleon density distributions for whole nuclear mass regions, not only for a typical bubble structure. Method: We systematically investigate the nucleon density distributions using the Skyrme Hartree-Fock plus Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer calculation represented in the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space. The ground states of 1,389 even-even nuclei are generated. To quantify the nonuniformity of these density distributions, a ``generalized bubble parameter" is introduced. Results: We find that the bubble structure appears around the magic numbers, which correspond to the regions where the s orbit appears near the Fermi surface. The nuclear deformation and pairing correlations strongly affect the occupation probability, but the robust bubble structure of a medium mass nucleus, $^{100}$Sn, is found. We confirm that the Coulomb force enhances the bubble degree in the superheavy region. The nuclear non-uniformity is further generalized by the ``multi-layered" bubble structure, which exhibits some density depression in the internal regions of the density distributions. Conclusion: The non-uniformity of the internal density distribution occurs due to the deficiency of the specific single-particle orbits: the nodal $s$, $p$, and $d$ orbits. This is certainly reflected in the density distribution near the nuclear surface, which can be deduced from proton-elastic scattering. |
| title | Global analysis of the non-uniformity of nucleon density distributions |
| topic | Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.18269 |