Search for the multiwavelength counterparts to extragalactic unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources

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Main Authors: Ulgiati, Alberto, Paiano, Simona, Pintore, Fabio, Russell, Thomas David, Sbaruffati, Boris, Pinto, Ciro, Ambrosi, Elena, Ai, Antonino D, Cusumano, Giancarlo, Del Santo, Melania
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Ulgiati, Alberto
Paiano, Simona
Pintore, Fabio
Russell, Thomas David
Sbaruffati, Boris
Pinto, Ciro
Ambrosi, Elena
Ai, Antonino D
Cusumano, Giancarlo
Del Santo, Melania
author_facet Ulgiati, Alberto
Paiano, Simona
Pintore, Fabio
Russell, Thomas David
Sbaruffati, Boris
Pinto, Ciro
Ambrosi, Elena
Ai, Antonino D
Cusumano, Giancarlo
Del Santo, Melania
contents Aims. In this paper, we searched for multi-wavelength (X-ray, optical and radio) counterparts to the unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGS) of the Fermi 4FGL-DR4 catalog. The main goal is to identify new blazars and/or new active galactic nuclei (AGNs) emitting at GeV energies [like (Narrow Line) Seyfert-1 and radio galaxies]. Methods. We focus on sky regions observed by the Swift satellite that overlap with the reported positions of the UGSs. Since our primary interest lies in extra-galactic sources, we focus on UGSs located outside the Galactic plane (|b| > 10$^{\circ}$). Due to the large number of sources (about 1800 UGS), we developed a pipeline to automatise the search for counterparts and significantly reduce the computational time for the analysis. Our association process begins by identifying potential X-ray counterparts for each UGS; if one is found, we further look for corresponding radio and optical counterparts in the X-ray counterpart error box, thus minimizing ambiguities. Results. Out of the 1284 UGSs in the 4FGL-DR4 catalog, 714 were observed at least once by Swift/XRT. We detected, with a significance of $\geq$ 3$σ$, at least one X-ray source within the Fermi error box for 274 of these $γ$-ray emitters. Among these, 193 UGSs have a single potential X-ray counterpart (referred to as UGS1), while 81 have multiple potential X-ray counterparts within the Fermi error box (referred to as UGS2). Of the UGS2, 54 have two X-ray counterparts, 11 have three, and the remaining 16 have more than three. Each UGS1 has an optical counterpart, and 113 also could be associated to a radio counterpart. We performed a comparison of the possible counterpart properties with those of the $γ$-ray emitters identified by Fermi, with the aim to assess the goodness of our associations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_19314
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Search for the multiwavelength counterparts to extragalactic unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources
Ulgiati, Alberto
Paiano, Simona
Pintore, Fabio
Russell, Thomas David
Sbaruffati, Boris
Pinto, Ciro
Ambrosi, Elena
Ai, Antonino D
Cusumano, Giancarlo
Del Santo, Melania
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Aims. In this paper, we searched for multi-wavelength (X-ray, optical and radio) counterparts to the unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGS) of the Fermi 4FGL-DR4 catalog. The main goal is to identify new blazars and/or new active galactic nuclei (AGNs) emitting at GeV energies [like (Narrow Line) Seyfert-1 and radio galaxies]. Methods. We focus on sky regions observed by the Swift satellite that overlap with the reported positions of the UGSs. Since our primary interest lies in extra-galactic sources, we focus on UGSs located outside the Galactic plane (|b| > 10$^{\circ}$). Due to the large number of sources (about 1800 UGS), we developed a pipeline to automatise the search for counterparts and significantly reduce the computational time for the analysis. Our association process begins by identifying potential X-ray counterparts for each UGS; if one is found, we further look for corresponding radio and optical counterparts in the X-ray counterpart error box, thus minimizing ambiguities. Results. Out of the 1284 UGSs in the 4FGL-DR4 catalog, 714 were observed at least once by Swift/XRT. We detected, with a significance of $\geq$ 3$σ$, at least one X-ray source within the Fermi error box for 274 of these $γ$-ray emitters. Among these, 193 UGSs have a single potential X-ray counterpart (referred to as UGS1), while 81 have multiple potential X-ray counterparts within the Fermi error box (referred to as UGS2). Of the UGS2, 54 have two X-ray counterparts, 11 have three, and the remaining 16 have more than three. Each UGS1 has an optical counterpart, and 113 also could be associated to a radio counterpart. We performed a comparison of the possible counterpart properties with those of the $γ$-ray emitters identified by Fermi, with the aim to assess the goodness of our associations.
title Search for the multiwavelength counterparts to extragalactic unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19314