Search for the multiwavelength counterparts to extragalactic unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866915145250242560 |
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| author | Ulgiati, Alberto Paiano, Simona Pintore, Fabio Russell, Thomas David Sbaruffati, Boris Pinto, Ciro Ambrosi, Elena Ai, Antonino D Cusumano, Giancarlo Del Santo, Melania |
| author_facet | Ulgiati, Alberto Paiano, Simona Pintore, Fabio Russell, Thomas David Sbaruffati, Boris Pinto, Ciro Ambrosi, Elena Ai, Antonino D Cusumano, Giancarlo Del Santo, Melania |
| contents | Aims. In this paper, we searched for multi-wavelength (X-ray, optical and radio) counterparts to the unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGS) of the Fermi 4FGL-DR4 catalog. The main goal is to identify new blazars and/or new active galactic nuclei (AGNs) emitting at GeV energies [like (Narrow Line) Seyfert-1 and radio galaxies]. Methods. We focus on sky regions observed by the Swift satellite that overlap with the reported positions of the UGSs. Since our primary interest lies in extra-galactic sources, we focus on UGSs located outside the Galactic plane (|b| > 10$^{\circ}$). Due to the large number of sources (about 1800 UGS), we developed a pipeline to automatise the search for counterparts and significantly reduce the computational time for the analysis. Our association process begins by identifying potential X-ray counterparts for each UGS; if one is found, we further look for corresponding radio and optical counterparts in the X-ray counterpart error box, thus minimizing ambiguities. Results. Out of the 1284 UGSs in the 4FGL-DR4 catalog, 714 were observed at least once by Swift/XRT. We detected, with a significance of $\geq$ 3$σ$, at least one X-ray source within the Fermi error box for 274 of these $γ$-ray emitters. Among these, 193 UGSs have a single potential X-ray counterpart (referred to as UGS1), while 81 have multiple potential X-ray counterparts within the Fermi error box (referred to as UGS2). Of the UGS2, 54 have two X-ray counterparts, 11 have three, and the remaining 16 have more than three. Each UGS1 has an optical counterpart, and 113 also could be associated to a radio counterpart. We performed a comparison of the possible counterpart properties with those of the $γ$-ray emitters identified by Fermi, with the aim to assess the goodness of our associations. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2412_19314 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Search for the multiwavelength counterparts to extragalactic unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources Ulgiati, Alberto Paiano, Simona Pintore, Fabio Russell, Thomas David Sbaruffati, Boris Pinto, Ciro Ambrosi, Elena Ai, Antonino D Cusumano, Giancarlo Del Santo, Melania High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Aims. In this paper, we searched for multi-wavelength (X-ray, optical and radio) counterparts to the unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGS) of the Fermi 4FGL-DR4 catalog. The main goal is to identify new blazars and/or new active galactic nuclei (AGNs) emitting at GeV energies [like (Narrow Line) Seyfert-1 and radio galaxies]. Methods. We focus on sky regions observed by the Swift satellite that overlap with the reported positions of the UGSs. Since our primary interest lies in extra-galactic sources, we focus on UGSs located outside the Galactic plane (|b| > 10$^{\circ}$). Due to the large number of sources (about 1800 UGS), we developed a pipeline to automatise the search for counterparts and significantly reduce the computational time for the analysis. Our association process begins by identifying potential X-ray counterparts for each UGS; if one is found, we further look for corresponding radio and optical counterparts in the X-ray counterpart error box, thus minimizing ambiguities. Results. Out of the 1284 UGSs in the 4FGL-DR4 catalog, 714 were observed at least once by Swift/XRT. We detected, with a significance of $\geq$ 3$σ$, at least one X-ray source within the Fermi error box for 274 of these $γ$-ray emitters. Among these, 193 UGSs have a single potential X-ray counterpart (referred to as UGS1), while 81 have multiple potential X-ray counterparts within the Fermi error box (referred to as UGS2). Of the UGS2, 54 have two X-ray counterparts, 11 have three, and the remaining 16 have more than three. Each UGS1 has an optical counterpart, and 113 also could be associated to a radio counterpart. We performed a comparison of the possible counterpart properties with those of the $γ$-ray emitters identified by Fermi, with the aim to assess the goodness of our associations. |
| title | Search for the multiwavelength counterparts to extragalactic unassociated Fermi γ-ray sources |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19314 |