Reinforcement Learning for Respondent-Driven Sampling

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Weltz, Justin, Yoon, Angela, Zhang, Yichi, Volfovsky, Alexander, Laber, Eric
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Weltz, Justin
Yoon, Angela
Zhang, Yichi
Volfovsky, Alexander
Laber, Eric
author_facet Weltz, Justin
Yoon, Angela
Zhang, Yichi
Volfovsky, Alexander
Laber, Eric
contents Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is widely used to study hidden or hard-to-reach populations by incentivizing study participants to recruit their social connections. The success and efficiency of RDS can depend critically on the nature of the incentives, including their number, value, call to action, etc. Standard RDS uses an incentive structure that is set a priori and held fixed throughout the study. Thus, it does not make use of accumulating information on which incentives are effective and for whom. We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) based adaptive RDS study design in which the incentives are tailored over time to maximize cumulative utility during the study. We show that these designs are more efficient, cost-effective, and can generate new insights into the social structure of hidden populations. In addition, we develop methods for valid post-study inference which are non-trivial due to the adaptive sampling induced by RL as well as the complex dependencies among subjects due to latent (unobserved) social network structure. We provide asymptotic regret bounds and illustrate its finite sample behavior through a suite of simulation experiments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_01505
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reinforcement Learning for Respondent-Driven Sampling
Weltz, Justin
Yoon, Angela
Zhang, Yichi
Volfovsky, Alexander
Laber, Eric
Methodology
Statistics Theory
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is widely used to study hidden or hard-to-reach populations by incentivizing study participants to recruit their social connections. The success and efficiency of RDS can depend critically on the nature of the incentives, including their number, value, call to action, etc. Standard RDS uses an incentive structure that is set a priori and held fixed throughout the study. Thus, it does not make use of accumulating information on which incentives are effective and for whom. We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) based adaptive RDS study design in which the incentives are tailored over time to maximize cumulative utility during the study. We show that these designs are more efficient, cost-effective, and can generate new insights into the social structure of hidden populations. In addition, we develop methods for valid post-study inference which are non-trivial due to the adaptive sampling induced by RL as well as the complex dependencies among subjects due to latent (unobserved) social network structure. We provide asymptotic regret bounds and illustrate its finite sample behavior through a suite of simulation experiments.
title Reinforcement Learning for Respondent-Driven Sampling
topic Methodology
Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.01505