Uncovering the Iceberg in the Sea: Fundamentals of Pulse Shaping and Modulation Design for Random ISAC Signals

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Fan, Xiong, Yifeng, Lu, Shihang, Li, Shuangyang, Yuan, Weijie, Masouros, Christos, Jin, Shi, Caire, Giuseppe
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Liu, Fan
Xiong, Yifeng
Lu, Shihang
Li, Shuangyang
Yuan, Weijie
Masouros, Christos
Jin, Shi
Caire, Giuseppe
author_facet Liu, Fan
Xiong, Yifeng
Lu, Shihang
Li, Shuangyang
Yuan, Weijie
Masouros, Christos
Jin, Shi
Caire, Giuseppe
contents Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) is expected to play a pivotal role in future 6G networks. To maximize time-frequency resource utilization, 6G ISAC systems must exploit data payload signals, that are inherently random, for both communication and sensing tasks. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the sensing performance of such communication-centric ISAC signals, with a focus on modulation and pulse shaping design to reshape the statistical properties of their auto-correlation functions (ACFs), thereby improving the target ranging performance. We derive a closed-form expression for the expectation of the squared ACF of random ISAC signals, considering arbitrary modulation bases and constellation mappings within the Nyquist pulse shaping framework. The structure is metaphorically described as an ``iceberg hidden in the sea", where the ``iceberg'' represents the squared mean of the ACF of random ISAC signals, that is determined by the pulse shaping filter, and the ``sea level'' characterizes the corresponding variance, caused by the randomness of the data payload. Our analysis shows that, for QAM/PSK constellations with Nyquist pulse shaping, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) achieves the lowest ranging sidelobe level across all lags. Building on these insights, we propose a novel Nyquist pulse shaping design to enhance the sensing performance of random ISAC signals. Numerical results validate our theoretical findings, showing that the proposed pulse shaping significantly reduces ranging sidelobes compared to conventional root-raised cosine (RRC) pulse shaping, thereby improving the ranging performance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_01721
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Uncovering the Iceberg in the Sea: Fundamentals of Pulse Shaping and Modulation Design for Random ISAC Signals
Liu, Fan
Xiong, Yifeng
Lu, Shihang
Li, Shuangyang
Yuan, Weijie
Masouros, Christos
Jin, Shi
Caire, Giuseppe
Signal Processing
Information Theory
Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) is expected to play a pivotal role in future 6G networks. To maximize time-frequency resource utilization, 6G ISAC systems must exploit data payload signals, that are inherently random, for both communication and sensing tasks. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the sensing performance of such communication-centric ISAC signals, with a focus on modulation and pulse shaping design to reshape the statistical properties of their auto-correlation functions (ACFs), thereby improving the target ranging performance. We derive a closed-form expression for the expectation of the squared ACF of random ISAC signals, considering arbitrary modulation bases and constellation mappings within the Nyquist pulse shaping framework. The structure is metaphorically described as an ``iceberg hidden in the sea", where the ``iceberg'' represents the squared mean of the ACF of random ISAC signals, that is determined by the pulse shaping filter, and the ``sea level'' characterizes the corresponding variance, caused by the randomness of the data payload. Our analysis shows that, for QAM/PSK constellations with Nyquist pulse shaping, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) achieves the lowest ranging sidelobe level across all lags. Building on these insights, we propose a novel Nyquist pulse shaping design to enhance the sensing performance of random ISAC signals. Numerical results validate our theoretical findings, showing that the proposed pulse shaping significantly reduces ranging sidelobes compared to conventional root-raised cosine (RRC) pulse shaping, thereby improving the ranging performance.
title Uncovering the Iceberg in the Sea: Fundamentals of Pulse Shaping and Modulation Design for Random ISAC Signals
topic Signal Processing
Information Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.01721