Key-value memory in the brain
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866929740200280064 |
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| author | Gershman, Samuel J. Fiete, Ila Irie, Kazuki |
| author_facet | Gershman, Samuel J. Fiete, Ila Irie, Kazuki |
| contents | Classical models of memory in psychology and neuroscience rely on similarity-based retrieval of stored patterns, where similarity is a function of retrieval cues and the stored patterns. While parsimonious, these models do not allow distinct representations for storage and retrieval, despite their distinct computational demands. Key-value memory systems, in contrast, distinguish representations used for storage (values) and those used for retrieval (keys). This allows key-value memory systems to optimize simultaneously for fidelity in storage and discriminability in retrieval. We review the computational foundations of key-value memory, its role in modern machine learning systems, related ideas from psychology and neuroscience, applications to a number of empirical puzzles, and possible biological implementations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_02950 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Key-value memory in the brain Gershman, Samuel J. Fiete, Ila Irie, Kazuki Neurons and Cognition Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Classical models of memory in psychology and neuroscience rely on similarity-based retrieval of stored patterns, where similarity is a function of retrieval cues and the stored patterns. While parsimonious, these models do not allow distinct representations for storage and retrieval, despite their distinct computational demands. Key-value memory systems, in contrast, distinguish representations used for storage (values) and those used for retrieval (keys). This allows key-value memory systems to optimize simultaneously for fidelity in storage and discriminability in retrieval. We review the computational foundations of key-value memory, its role in modern machine learning systems, related ideas from psychology and neuroscience, applications to a number of empirical puzzles, and possible biological implementations. |
| title | Key-value memory in the brain |
| topic | Neurons and Cognition Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.02950 |