Multi-Wavelength Analysis of AT 2023sva: a Luminous Orphan Afterglow With Evidence for a Structured Jet
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. Perley, Daniel A. Ho, Anna Y. Q. O'Connor, Brendan Postigo, Antonio de Ugarte Sarin, Nikhil Cenko, S. Bradley Sollerman, Jesper Rhodes, Lauren Green, David A. Svinkin, Dmitry S. Bhalerao, Varun Waratkar, Gaurav Nayana, A. J. Chandra, Poonam Miller, M. Coleman Malesani, Daniele B. Ryan, Geoffrey Srijan, Suryansh Bellm, Eric C. Burns, Eric Titterington, David J. Stone, Maria B. Purdum, Josiah Ahumada, Tomás Anupama, G. C. Barway, Sudhanshu Coughlin, Michael W. Drake, Andrew Fender, Rob Fernández, José F. AgüÍ Frederiks, Dmitry D. Geier, Stefan Graham, Matthew J. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Kulkarni, S. R. Kumar, Harsh Li, Maggie L. Laher, Russ R. Lysenko, Alexandra L. Parwani, Gopal Perley, Richard A. Ridnaia, Anna V. Salgundi, Anirudh Smith, Roger Sravan, Niharika Swain, Vishwajeet Thöne, Christina C. Tsvetkova, Anastasia E. Ulanov, Mikhail V. Vail, Jada Wise, Jacob L. Wold, Avery |
| author_facet | Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. Perley, Daniel A. Ho, Anna Y. Q. O'Connor, Brendan Postigo, Antonio de Ugarte Sarin, Nikhil Cenko, S. Bradley Sollerman, Jesper Rhodes, Lauren Green, David A. Svinkin, Dmitry S. Bhalerao, Varun Waratkar, Gaurav Nayana, A. J. Chandra, Poonam Miller, M. Coleman Malesani, Daniele B. Ryan, Geoffrey Srijan, Suryansh Bellm, Eric C. Burns, Eric Titterington, David J. Stone, Maria B. Purdum, Josiah Ahumada, Tomás Anupama, G. C. Barway, Sudhanshu Coughlin, Michael W. Drake, Andrew Fender, Rob Fernández, José F. AgüÍ Frederiks, Dmitry D. Geier, Stefan Graham, Matthew J. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Kulkarni, S. R. Kumar, Harsh Li, Maggie L. Laher, Russ R. Lysenko, Alexandra L. Parwani, Gopal Perley, Richard A. Ridnaia, Anna V. Salgundi, Anirudh Smith, Roger Sravan, Niharika Swain, Vishwajeet Thöne, Christina C. Tsvetkova, Anastasia E. Ulanov, Mikhail V. Vail, Jada Wise, Jacob L. Wold, Avery |
| contents | We present multi-wavelength analysis of ZTF23abelseb (AT 2023sva), an optically discovered fast-fading ($Δm_r = 2.2$ mag in $Δt = 0.74 $ days), luminous ($M_r \sim -30.0$ mag) and red ($g-r = 0.50$ mag) transient at $z = 2.28$ with accompanying luminous radio emission. AT 2023sva does not possess a $γ$-ray burst (GRB) counterpart to an isotropic equivalent energy limit of $E_{\rm{γ, \, iso}} < 1.6 \times 10^{52}$ erg, determined through searching $γ$-ray satellite archives between the last non-detection and first detection, making it the sixth example of an optically-discovered afterglow with a redshift measurement and no detected GRB counterpart. We analyze AT 2023sva's optical, radio, and X-ray observations to characterize the source. From radio analyses, we find the clear presence of strong interstellar scintillation (ISS) 72 days after the initial explosion, allowing us to place constraints on the source's angular size and bulk Lorentz factor. When comparing the source sizes derived from ISS of orphan events to those of the classical GRB population, we find orphan events have statistically smaller source sizes. We also utilize Bayesian techniques to model the multi-wavelength afterglow. Within this framework, we find evidence that AT 2023sva possesses a shallow power-law structured jet viewed slightly off-axis ($θ_{\rm{v}} = 0.07 \pm 0.02$) just outside of the jet's core opening angle ($θ_{\rm{c}} = 0.06 \pm 0.02$). We determine this is likely the reason for the lack of a detected GRB counterpart, but also investigate other scenarios. AT 2023sva's evidence for possessing a structured jet stresses the importance of broadening orphan afterglow search strategies to a diverse range of GRB jet angular energy profiles, to maximize the return of future optical surveys. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_03337 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Multi-Wavelength Analysis of AT 2023sva: a Luminous Orphan Afterglow With Evidence for a Structured Jet Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. Perley, Daniel A. Ho, Anna Y. Q. O'Connor, Brendan Postigo, Antonio de Ugarte Sarin, Nikhil Cenko, S. Bradley Sollerman, Jesper Rhodes, Lauren Green, David A. Svinkin, Dmitry S. Bhalerao, Varun Waratkar, Gaurav Nayana, A. J. Chandra, Poonam Miller, M. Coleman Malesani, Daniele B. Ryan, Geoffrey Srijan, Suryansh Bellm, Eric C. Burns, Eric Titterington, David J. Stone, Maria B. Purdum, Josiah Ahumada, Tomás Anupama, G. C. Barway, Sudhanshu Coughlin, Michael W. Drake, Andrew Fender, Rob Fernández, José F. AgüÍ Frederiks, Dmitry D. Geier, Stefan Graham, Matthew J. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Kulkarni, S. R. Kumar, Harsh Li, Maggie L. Laher, Russ R. Lysenko, Alexandra L. Parwani, Gopal Perley, Richard A. Ridnaia, Anna V. Salgundi, Anirudh Smith, Roger Sravan, Niharika Swain, Vishwajeet Thöne, Christina C. Tsvetkova, Anastasia E. Ulanov, Mikhail V. Vail, Jada Wise, Jacob L. Wold, Avery High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present multi-wavelength analysis of ZTF23abelseb (AT 2023sva), an optically discovered fast-fading ($Δm_r = 2.2$ mag in $Δt = 0.74 $ days), luminous ($M_r \sim -30.0$ mag) and red ($g-r = 0.50$ mag) transient at $z = 2.28$ with accompanying luminous radio emission. AT 2023sva does not possess a $γ$-ray burst (GRB) counterpart to an isotropic equivalent energy limit of $E_{\rm{γ, \, iso}} < 1.6 \times 10^{52}$ erg, determined through searching $γ$-ray satellite archives between the last non-detection and first detection, making it the sixth example of an optically-discovered afterglow with a redshift measurement and no detected GRB counterpart. We analyze AT 2023sva's optical, radio, and X-ray observations to characterize the source. From radio analyses, we find the clear presence of strong interstellar scintillation (ISS) 72 days after the initial explosion, allowing us to place constraints on the source's angular size and bulk Lorentz factor. When comparing the source sizes derived from ISS of orphan events to those of the classical GRB population, we find orphan events have statistically smaller source sizes. We also utilize Bayesian techniques to model the multi-wavelength afterglow. Within this framework, we find evidence that AT 2023sva possesses a shallow power-law structured jet viewed slightly off-axis ($θ_{\rm{v}} = 0.07 \pm 0.02$) just outside of the jet's core opening angle ($θ_{\rm{c}} = 0.06 \pm 0.02$). We determine this is likely the reason for the lack of a detected GRB counterpart, but also investigate other scenarios. AT 2023sva's evidence for possessing a structured jet stresses the importance of broadening orphan afterglow search strategies to a diverse range of GRB jet angular energy profiles, to maximize the return of future optical surveys. |
| title | Multi-Wavelength Analysis of AT 2023sva: a Luminous Orphan Afterglow With Evidence for a Structured Jet |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03337 |