From Newswire to Nexus: Using text-based actor embeddings and transformer networks to forecast conflict dynamics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Croicu, Mihai, von der Maase, Simon Polichinel
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Croicu, Mihai
von der Maase, Simon Polichinel
author_facet Croicu, Mihai
von der Maase, Simon Polichinel
contents This study advances the field of conflict forecasting by using text-based actor embeddings with transformer models to predict dynamic changes in violent conflict patterns at the actor level. More specifically, we combine newswire texts with structured conflict event data and leverage recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to forecast escalations and de-escalations among conflicting actors, such as governments, militias, separatist movements, and terrorists. This new approach accurately and promptly captures the inherently volatile patterns of violent conflicts, which existing methods have not been able to achieve. To create this framework, we began by curating and annotating a vast international newswire corpus, leveraging hand-labeled event data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. By using this hybrid dataset, our models can incorporate the textual context of news sources along with the precision and detail of structured event data. This combination enables us to make both dynamic and granular predictions about conflict developments. We validate our approach through rigorous back-testing against historical events, demonstrating superior out-of-sample predictive power. We find that our approach is quite effective in identifying and predicting phases of conflict escalation and de-escalation, surpassing the capabilities of traditional models. By focusing on actor interactions, our explicit goal is to provide actionable insights to policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and peacekeeping operations in order to enable targeted and effective intervention strategies.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_03928
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle From Newswire to Nexus: Using text-based actor embeddings and transformer networks to forecast conflict dynamics
Croicu, Mihai
von der Maase, Simon Polichinel
Computers and Society
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
68
I.2.7; J.4
This study advances the field of conflict forecasting by using text-based actor embeddings with transformer models to predict dynamic changes in violent conflict patterns at the actor level. More specifically, we combine newswire texts with structured conflict event data and leverage recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to forecast escalations and de-escalations among conflicting actors, such as governments, militias, separatist movements, and terrorists. This new approach accurately and promptly captures the inherently volatile patterns of violent conflicts, which existing methods have not been able to achieve. To create this framework, we began by curating and annotating a vast international newswire corpus, leveraging hand-labeled event data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. By using this hybrid dataset, our models can incorporate the textual context of news sources along with the precision and detail of structured event data. This combination enables us to make both dynamic and granular predictions about conflict developments. We validate our approach through rigorous back-testing against historical events, demonstrating superior out-of-sample predictive power. We find that our approach is quite effective in identifying and predicting phases of conflict escalation and de-escalation, surpassing the capabilities of traditional models. By focusing on actor interactions, our explicit goal is to provide actionable insights to policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and peacekeeping operations in order to enable targeted and effective intervention strategies.
title From Newswire to Nexus: Using text-based actor embeddings and transformer networks to forecast conflict dynamics
topic Computers and Society
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
68
I.2.7; J.4
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03928