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Main Authors:	Vincenzi, M., Kessler, R., Shah, P., Lee, J., Davis, T. M., Scolnic, D., Armstrong, P., Brout, D., Camilleri, R., Chen, R., Galbany, L., Lidman, C., Möller, A., Popovic, B., Rose, B., Sako, M., Sánchez, B. O., Smith, M., Sullivan, M., Wiseman, P., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Muir, J., Myles, J., Palmese, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Porredon, A., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Weaverdyck, N., Weller, J., Collaboration, DES
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.06664
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_version_	1866915099261796352
author	Vincenzi, M. Kessler, R. Shah, P. Lee, J. Davis, T. M. Scolnic, D. Armstrong, P. Brout, D. Camilleri, R. Chen, R. Galbany, L. Lidman, C. Möller, A. Popovic, B. Rose, B. Sako, M. Sánchez, B. O. Smith, M. Sullivan, M. Wiseman, P. Abbott, T. M. C. Aguena, M. Allam, S. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Rosell, A. Carnero Carretero, J. da Costa, L. N. Pereira, M. E. S. Diehl, H. T. Doel, P. Everett, S. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S. R. Hollowood, D. L. Honscheid, K. James, D. J. Kuehn, K. Lahav, O. Lee, S. Marshall, J. L. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Muir, J. Myles, J. Palmese, A. Malagón, A. A. Plazas Porredon, A. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Cid, D. Sanchez Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Suchyta, E. Tarle, G. To, C. Tucker, D. L. Vikram, V. Walker, A. R. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Collaboration, DES
author_facet	Vincenzi, M. Kessler, R. Shah, P. Lee, J. Davis, T. M. Scolnic, D. Armstrong, P. Brout, D. Camilleri, R. Chen, R. Galbany, L. Lidman, C. Möller, A. Popovic, B. Rose, B. Sako, M. Sánchez, B. O. Smith, M. Sullivan, M. Wiseman, P. Abbott, T. M. C. Aguena, M. Allam, S. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Rosell, A. Carnero Carretero, J. da Costa, L. N. Pereira, M. E. S. Diehl, H. T. Doel, P. Everett, S. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S. R. Hollowood, D. L. Honscheid, K. James, D. J. Kuehn, K. Lahav, O. Lee, S. Marshall, J. L. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Muir, J. Myles, J. Palmese, A. Malagón, A. A. Plazas Porredon, A. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Cid, D. Sanchez Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Suchyta, E. Tarle, G. To, C. Tucker, D. L. Vikram, V. Walker, A. R. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Collaboration, DES
contents	Recent cosmological analyses measuring distances of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) have all given similar hints at time-evolving dark energy. To examine whether underestimated SN Ia systematics might be driving these results, Efstathiou (2024) compared overlapping SN events between Pantheon+ and DES-SN5YR (20% SNe are in common), and reported evidence for a $\sim$0.04 mag offset between the low and high-redshift distance measurements of this subsample of events. If these offsets are arbitrarily subtracted from the entire DES-SN5YR sample, the preference for evolving dark energy is reduced. In this paper, we reproduce this offset and show that it has two sources. First, 43% of the offset is due to DES-SN5YR improvements in the modelling of supernova intrinsic scatter and host galaxy properties. These are scientifically-motivated modelling updates implemented in DES-SN5YR and their associated uncertainties are captured within the DES-SN5YR systematic error budget. Even if the less accurate scatter model and host properties from Pantheon+ are used instead, the DES-SN5YR evidence for evolving dark energy is only reduced from 3.9$σ$ to 3.3$σ$. Second, 38% of the offset is due to a misleading comparison because different selection functions characterize the DES subsets included in Pantheon+ and DES-SN5YR and therefore individual SN distance measurements are expected to be different because of different bias corrections. In conclusion, we confirm the validity of the published DES-SN5YR results.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_06664
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Comparing the DES-SN5YR and Pantheon+ SN cosmology analyses: Investigation based on "Evolving Dark Energy or Supernovae systematics?" Vincenzi, M. Kessler, R. Shah, P. Lee, J. Davis, T. M. Scolnic, D. Armstrong, P. Brout, D. Camilleri, R. Chen, R. Galbany, L. Lidman, C. Möller, A. Popovic, B. Rose, B. Sako, M. Sánchez, B. O. Smith, M. Sullivan, M. Wiseman, P. Abbott, T. M. C. Aguena, M. Allam, S. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Rosell, A. Carnero Carretero, J. da Costa, L. N. Pereira, M. E. S. Diehl, H. T. Doel, P. Everett, S. Flaugher, B. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R. A. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S. R. Hollowood, D. L. Honscheid, K. James, D. J. Kuehn, K. Lahav, O. Lee, S. Marshall, J. L. Mena-Fernández, J. Miquel, R. Muir, J. Myles, J. Palmese, A. Malagón, A. A. Plazas Porredon, A. Samuroff, S. Sanchez, E. Cid, D. Sanchez Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Suchyta, E. Tarle, G. To, C. Tucker, D. L. Vikram, V. Walker, A. R. Weaverdyck, N. Weller, J. Collaboration, DES Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Recent cosmological analyses measuring distances of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) have all given similar hints at time-evolving dark energy. To examine whether underestimated SN Ia systematics might be driving these results, Efstathiou (2024) compared overlapping SN events between Pantheon+ and DES-SN5YR (20% SNe are in common), and reported evidence for a $\sim$0.04 mag offset between the low and high-redshift distance measurements of this subsample of events. If these offsets are arbitrarily subtracted from the entire DES-SN5YR sample, the preference for evolving dark energy is reduced. In this paper, we reproduce this offset and show that it has two sources. First, 43% of the offset is due to DES-SN5YR improvements in the modelling of supernova intrinsic scatter and host galaxy properties. These are scientifically-motivated modelling updates implemented in DES-SN5YR and their associated uncertainties are captured within the DES-SN5YR systematic error budget. Even if the less accurate scatter model and host properties from Pantheon+ are used instead, the DES-SN5YR evidence for evolving dark energy is only reduced from 3.9$σ$ to 3.3$σ$. Second, 38% of the offset is due to a misleading comparison because different selection functions characterize the DES subsets included in Pantheon+ and DES-SN5YR and therefore individual SN distance measurements are expected to be different because of different bias corrections. In conclusion, we confirm the validity of the published DES-SN5YR results.
title	Comparing the DES-SN5YR and Pantheon+ SN cosmology analyses: Investigation based on "Evolving Dark Energy or Supernovae systematics?"
topic	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.06664

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