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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07362 |
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| _version_ | 1866917891528458240 |
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| author | Yuan, Weimin Dai, Lixin Feng, Hua Jin, Chichuan Jonker, Peter Kuulkers, Erik Liu, Yuan Nandra, Kirpal O'Brien, Paul Piro, Luigi Rau, Arne Rea, Nanda Sanders, Jeremy Tao, Lian Wang, Junfeng Wu, Xuefeng Zhang, Bing Zhang, Shuangnan Ai, Shunke Buchner, Johannes Bulbul, Esra Chen, Hechao Chen, Minghua Chen, Yong Chen, Yu-Peng Coleiro, Alexis Zelati, Francesco Coti Dai, Zigao Fan, Xilong Fan, Zhou Friedrich, Susanne Gao, He Ge, Chong Ge, Mingyu Geng, Jinjun Ghirlanda, Giancarlo Gianfagna, Giulia Gou, Lijun Guillot, Sébastien Hou, Xian Hu, Jingwei Huang, Yongfeng Ji, Long Jia, Shumei Komossa, S. Kong, Albert K. H. Lan, Lin Li, An Li, Ang Li, Chengkui Li, Dongyue Li, Jian Li, Zhaosheng Ling, Zhixing Liu, Ang Liu, Jinzhong Liu, Liangduan Liu, Zhu Luo, Jiawei Ma, Ruican Maggi, Pierre Maitra, Chandreyee Marino, Alessio Ng, Stephen Chi-Yung Pan, Haiwu Rukdee, Surangkhana Soria, Roberto Sun, Hui Tam, Pak-Hin Thomas Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh Tian, Hui Troja, Eleonora Wang, Wei Wang, Xiangyu Wang, Yanan Wei, Junjie Wen, Sixiang Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Ting Xiao, Di Xu, Dong Xu, Renxin Xu, Yanjun Xu, Yu Yang, Haonan You, Bei Yu, Heng Yu, Yunwei Zhang, Binbin Zhang, Chen Zhang, Guobao Zhang, Liang Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Yu Zhou, Ping Zou, Zecheng |
| author_facet | Yuan, Weimin Dai, Lixin Feng, Hua Jin, Chichuan Jonker, Peter Kuulkers, Erik Liu, Yuan Nandra, Kirpal O'Brien, Paul Piro, Luigi Rau, Arne Rea, Nanda Sanders, Jeremy Tao, Lian Wang, Junfeng Wu, Xuefeng Zhang, Bing Zhang, Shuangnan Ai, Shunke Buchner, Johannes Bulbul, Esra Chen, Hechao Chen, Minghua Chen, Yong Chen, Yu-Peng Coleiro, Alexis Zelati, Francesco Coti Dai, Zigao Fan, Xilong Fan, Zhou Friedrich, Susanne Gao, He Ge, Chong Ge, Mingyu Geng, Jinjun Ghirlanda, Giancarlo Gianfagna, Giulia Gou, Lijun Guillot, Sébastien Hou, Xian Hu, Jingwei Huang, Yongfeng Ji, Long Jia, Shumei Komossa, S. Kong, Albert K. H. Lan, Lin Li, An Li, Ang Li, Chengkui Li, Dongyue Li, Jian Li, Zhaosheng Ling, Zhixing Liu, Ang Liu, Jinzhong Liu, Liangduan Liu, Zhu Luo, Jiawei Ma, Ruican Maggi, Pierre Maitra, Chandreyee Marino, Alessio Ng, Stephen Chi-Yung Pan, Haiwu Rukdee, Surangkhana Soria, Roberto Sun, Hui Tam, Pak-Hin Thomas Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh Tian, Hui Troja, Eleonora Wang, Wei Wang, Xiangyu Wang, Yanan Wei, Junjie Wen, Sixiang Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Ting Xiao, Di Xu, Dong Xu, Renxin Xu, Yanjun Xu, Yu Yang, Haonan You, Bei Yu, Heng Yu, Yunwei Zhang, Binbin Zhang, Chen Zhang, Guobao Zhang, Liang Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Yu Zhou, Ping Zou, Zecheng |
| contents | The Einstein Probe (EP) is an interdisciplinary mission of time-domain and X-ray astronomy. Equipped with a wide-field lobster-eye X-ray focusing imager, EP will discover cosmic X-ray transients and monitor the X-ray variability of known sources in 0.5-4 keV, at a combination of detecting sensitivity and cadence that is not accessible to the previous and current wide-field monitoring missions. EP can perform quick characterisation of transients or outbursts with a Wolter-I X-ray telescope onboard. In this paper, the science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission are presented. EP is expected to enlarge the sample of previously known or predicted but rare types of transients with a wide range of timescales. Among them, fast extragalactic transients will be surveyed systematically in soft X-rays, which include γ-ray bursts and their variants, supernova shock breakouts, and the predicted X-ray transients associated with binary neutron star mergers. EP will detect X-ray tidal disruption events and outbursts from active galactic nuclei, possibly at an early phase of the flares for some. EP will monitor the variability and outbursts of X-rays from white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes in our and neighbouring galaxies at flux levels fainter than those detectable by the current instruments, and is expected to discover new objects. A large sample of stellar X-ray flares will also be detected and characterised. In the era of multi-messenger astronomy, EP has the potential of detecting the possible X-ray counterparts of gravitational wave events, neutrino sources, and ultra-high energy γ-ray and cosmic ray sources. EP is expected to help advance the studies of extreme objects/phenomena and their underlying physical processes revealed in the dynamic X-ray universe, as well as studies in other areas of X-ray astronomy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_07362 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission Yuan, Weimin Dai, Lixin Feng, Hua Jin, Chichuan Jonker, Peter Kuulkers, Erik Liu, Yuan Nandra, Kirpal O'Brien, Paul Piro, Luigi Rau, Arne Rea, Nanda Sanders, Jeremy Tao, Lian Wang, Junfeng Wu, Xuefeng Zhang, Bing Zhang, Shuangnan Ai, Shunke Buchner, Johannes Bulbul, Esra Chen, Hechao Chen, Minghua Chen, Yong Chen, Yu-Peng Coleiro, Alexis Zelati, Francesco Coti Dai, Zigao Fan, Xilong Fan, Zhou Friedrich, Susanne Gao, He Ge, Chong Ge, Mingyu Geng, Jinjun Ghirlanda, Giancarlo Gianfagna, Giulia Gou, Lijun Guillot, Sébastien Hou, Xian Hu, Jingwei Huang, Yongfeng Ji, Long Jia, Shumei Komossa, S. Kong, Albert K. H. Lan, Lin Li, An Li, Ang Li, Chengkui Li, Dongyue Li, Jian Li, Zhaosheng Ling, Zhixing Liu, Ang Liu, Jinzhong Liu, Liangduan Liu, Zhu Luo, Jiawei Ma, Ruican Maggi, Pierre Maitra, Chandreyee Marino, Alessio Ng, Stephen Chi-Yung Pan, Haiwu Rukdee, Surangkhana Soria, Roberto Sun, Hui Tam, Pak-Hin Thomas Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh Tian, Hui Troja, Eleonora Wang, Wei Wang, Xiangyu Wang, Yanan Wei, Junjie Wen, Sixiang Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Ting Xiao, Di Xu, Dong Xu, Renxin Xu, Yanjun Xu, Yu Yang, Haonan You, Bei Yu, Heng Yu, Yunwei Zhang, Binbin Zhang, Chen Zhang, Guobao Zhang, Liang Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Yu Zhou, Ping Zou, Zecheng High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena The Einstein Probe (EP) is an interdisciplinary mission of time-domain and X-ray astronomy. Equipped with a wide-field lobster-eye X-ray focusing imager, EP will discover cosmic X-ray transients and monitor the X-ray variability of known sources in 0.5-4 keV, at a combination of detecting sensitivity and cadence that is not accessible to the previous and current wide-field monitoring missions. EP can perform quick characterisation of transients or outbursts with a Wolter-I X-ray telescope onboard. In this paper, the science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission are presented. EP is expected to enlarge the sample of previously known or predicted but rare types of transients with a wide range of timescales. Among them, fast extragalactic transients will be surveyed systematically in soft X-rays, which include γ-ray bursts and their variants, supernova shock breakouts, and the predicted X-ray transients associated with binary neutron star mergers. EP will detect X-ray tidal disruption events and outbursts from active galactic nuclei, possibly at an early phase of the flares for some. EP will monitor the variability and outbursts of X-rays from white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes in our and neighbouring galaxies at flux levels fainter than those detectable by the current instruments, and is expected to discover new objects. A large sample of stellar X-ray flares will also be detected and characterised. In the era of multi-messenger astronomy, EP has the potential of detecting the possible X-ray counterparts of gravitational wave events, neutrino sources, and ultra-high energy γ-ray and cosmic ray sources. EP is expected to help advance the studies of extreme objects/phenomena and their underlying physical processes revealed in the dynamic X-ray universe, as well as studies in other areas of X-ray astronomy. |
| title | Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07362 |