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Main Authors: Wu, Mingkang, White, Devin, Lawhern, Vernon, Waytowich, Nicholas R., Cao, Yongcan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07502
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author Wu, Mingkang
White, Devin
Lawhern, Vernon
Waytowich, Nicholas R.
Cao, Yongcan
author_facet Wu, Mingkang
White, Devin
Lawhern, Vernon
Waytowich, Nicholas R.
Cao, Yongcan
contents Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to distinguish from discrete levels of performance and extract the underlying insights/information (beyond reward signals) towards their decision optimization. For instance, when learning to play tennis, a human player does not treat all unsuccessful attempts equally. Missing the ball completely signals a more severe mistake than hitting it out of bounds (although the cumulative rewards can be similar for both cases). Learning effectively from multi-level experiences is essential in human decision making. This motivates us to develop a novel multi-level RL method that learns from multi-level experiences via extracting multi-level information. At the low level of information extraction, we utilized the existing rating-based reinforcement learning to infer inherent reward signals that illustrate the value of states or state-action pairs accordingly. At the high level of information extraction, we propose to extract important directional information from different-level experiences so that policies can be updated towards desired deviation from these different levels of experiences. Specifically, we propose a new policy loss function that penalizes distribution similarities between the current policy and different-level experiences, and assigns different weights to the penalty terms based on the performance levels. Furthermore, the integration of the two levels towards multi-level RL guides the agent toward policy improvements that benefit both reward improvement and policy improvement, hence yielding a similar learning mechanism as humans.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_07502
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Human-Inspired Multi-Level Reinforcement Learning
Wu, Mingkang
White, Devin
Lawhern, Vernon
Waytowich, Nicholas R.
Cao, Yongcan
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to distinguish from discrete levels of performance and extract the underlying insights/information (beyond reward signals) towards their decision optimization. For instance, when learning to play tennis, a human player does not treat all unsuccessful attempts equally. Missing the ball completely signals a more severe mistake than hitting it out of bounds (although the cumulative rewards can be similar for both cases). Learning effectively from multi-level experiences is essential in human decision making. This motivates us to develop a novel multi-level RL method that learns from multi-level experiences via extracting multi-level information. At the low level of information extraction, we utilized the existing rating-based reinforcement learning to infer inherent reward signals that illustrate the value of states or state-action pairs accordingly. At the high level of information extraction, we propose to extract important directional information from different-level experiences so that policies can be updated towards desired deviation from these different levels of experiences. Specifically, we propose a new policy loss function that penalizes distribution similarities between the current policy and different-level experiences, and assigns different weights to the penalty terms based on the performance levels. Furthermore, the integration of the two levels towards multi-level RL guides the agent toward policy improvements that benefit both reward improvement and policy improvement, hence yielding a similar learning mechanism as humans.
title Human-Inspired Multi-Level Reinforcement Learning
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07502