Widen the Resonance: Probing a New Regime of Neutrino Self-Interactions with Astrophysical Neutrinos
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914119999815680 |
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| author | Wang, Isaac R. Xu, Xun-Jie Zhou, Bei |
| author_facet | Wang, Isaac R. Xu, Xun-Jie Zhou, Bei |
| contents | Neutrino self-interactions beyond the standard model have profound implications in astrophysics and cosmology. In this Letter, we study an uncharted scenario in which one of the three neutrino species has a mass smaller than the temperature of the cosmic neutrino background. This results in a relativistic component that significantly broadens the absorption feature on the astrophysical neutrino spectra, in contrast to the sharply peaked absorption expected in the extensively studied scenarios assuming a fully nonrelativistic cosmic neutrino background. By solving the Boltzmann equations for neutrino absorption and regeneration, we demonstrate that this mechanism provides novel sensitivity to sub-keV mediator masses, well below the traditional $\sim 1$--100 MeV range. Future observations of the diffuse supernova neutrino background with Hyper-Kamiokande could probe coupling strengths down to $g \sim 10^{-8}$, surpassing existing constraints by orders of magnitude. These findings open new directions for discoveries and offer crucial insights into the interplay between neutrinos and the dark sector. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_07624 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Widen the Resonance: Probing a New Regime of Neutrino Self-Interactions with Astrophysical Neutrinos Wang, Isaac R. Xu, Xun-Jie Zhou, Bei High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Experiment Neutrino self-interactions beyond the standard model have profound implications in astrophysics and cosmology. In this Letter, we study an uncharted scenario in which one of the three neutrino species has a mass smaller than the temperature of the cosmic neutrino background. This results in a relativistic component that significantly broadens the absorption feature on the astrophysical neutrino spectra, in contrast to the sharply peaked absorption expected in the extensively studied scenarios assuming a fully nonrelativistic cosmic neutrino background. By solving the Boltzmann equations for neutrino absorption and regeneration, we demonstrate that this mechanism provides novel sensitivity to sub-keV mediator masses, well below the traditional $\sim 1$--100 MeV range. Future observations of the diffuse supernova neutrino background with Hyper-Kamiokande could probe coupling strengths down to $g \sim 10^{-8}$, surpassing existing constraints by orders of magnitude. These findings open new directions for discoveries and offer crucial insights into the interplay between neutrinos and the dark sector. |
| title | Widen the Resonance: Probing a New Regime of Neutrino Self-Interactions with Astrophysical Neutrinos |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.07624 |