Enhancing Diagnostic in 3D COVID-19 Pneumonia CT-scans through Explainable Uncertainty Bayesian Quantification

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Fierro, Juan Manuel Liscano, Hortua, Hector J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Fierro, Juan Manuel Liscano
Hortua, Hector J.
author_facet Fierro, Juan Manuel Liscano
Hortua, Hector J.
contents Accurately classifying COVID-19 pneumonia in 3D CT scans remains a significant challenge in the field of medical image analysis. Although deterministic neural networks have shown promising results in this area, they provide only point estimates outputs yielding poor diagnostic in clinical decision-making. In this paper, we explore the use of Bayesian neural networks for classifying COVID-19 pneumonia in 3D CT scans providing uncertainties in their predictions. We compare deterministic networks and their Bayesian counterpart, enhancing the decision-making accuracy under uncertainty information. Remarkably, our findings reveal that lightweight architectures achieve the highest accuracy of 96\% after developing extensive hyperparameter tuning. Furthermore, the Bayesian counterpart of these architectures via Multiplied Normalizing Flow technique kept a similar performance along with calibrated uncertainty estimates. Finally, we have developed a 3D-visualization approach to explain the neural network outcomes based on SHAP values. We conclude that explainability along with uncertainty quantification will offer better clinical decisions in medical image analysis, contributing to ongoing efforts for improving the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_10770
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Enhancing Diagnostic in 3D COVID-19 Pneumonia CT-scans through Explainable Uncertainty Bayesian Quantification
Fierro, Juan Manuel Liscano
Hortua, Hector J.
Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Accurately classifying COVID-19 pneumonia in 3D CT scans remains a significant challenge in the field of medical image analysis. Although deterministic neural networks have shown promising results in this area, they provide only point estimates outputs yielding poor diagnostic in clinical decision-making. In this paper, we explore the use of Bayesian neural networks for classifying COVID-19 pneumonia in 3D CT scans providing uncertainties in their predictions. We compare deterministic networks and their Bayesian counterpart, enhancing the decision-making accuracy under uncertainty information. Remarkably, our findings reveal that lightweight architectures achieve the highest accuracy of 96\% after developing extensive hyperparameter tuning. Furthermore, the Bayesian counterpart of these architectures via Multiplied Normalizing Flow technique kept a similar performance along with calibrated uncertainty estimates. Finally, we have developed a 3D-visualization approach to explain the neural network outcomes based on SHAP values. We conclude that explainability along with uncertainty quantification will offer better clinical decisions in medical image analysis, contributing to ongoing efforts for improving the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.
title Enhancing Diagnostic in 3D COVID-19 Pneumonia CT-scans through Explainable Uncertainty Bayesian Quantification
topic Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.10770