Exact Bounds of Spearman's footrule in the Presence of Missing Data with Applications to Independence Testing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zeng, Yijin, Adams, Niall M., Bodenham, Dean A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zeng, Yijin
Adams, Niall M.
Bodenham, Dean A.
author_facet Zeng, Yijin
Adams, Niall M.
Bodenham, Dean A.
contents This work studies exact bounds of Spearman's footrule between two partially observed $n$-dimensional distinct real-valued vectors $X$ and $Y$. The lower bound is obtained by sequentially constructing imputations of the partially observed vectors, each with a non-increasing value of Spearman's footrule. The upper bound is found by first considering the set of all possible values of Spearman's footrule for imputations of $X$ and $Y$, and then the size of this set is gradually reduced using several constraints. Algorithms with computational complexities $O(n^2)$ and $O(n^3)$ are provided for computing the lower and upper bound of Spearman's footrule for $X$ and $Y$, respectively. As an application of the bounds, we propose a novel two-sample independence testing method for data with missing values. Improving on all existing approaches, our method controls the Type I error under arbitrary missingness. Simulation results demonstrate our method has good power, typically when the proportion of pairs containing missing data is below $15\%$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_11696
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exact Bounds of Spearman's footrule in the Presence of Missing Data with Applications to Independence Testing
Zeng, Yijin
Adams, Niall M.
Bodenham, Dean A.
Methodology
This work studies exact bounds of Spearman's footrule between two partially observed $n$-dimensional distinct real-valued vectors $X$ and $Y$. The lower bound is obtained by sequentially constructing imputations of the partially observed vectors, each with a non-increasing value of Spearman's footrule. The upper bound is found by first considering the set of all possible values of Spearman's footrule for imputations of $X$ and $Y$, and then the size of this set is gradually reduced using several constraints. Algorithms with computational complexities $O(n^2)$ and $O(n^3)$ are provided for computing the lower and upper bound of Spearman's footrule for $X$ and $Y$, respectively. As an application of the bounds, we propose a novel two-sample independence testing method for data with missing values. Improving on all existing approaches, our method controls the Type I error under arbitrary missingness. Simulation results demonstrate our method has good power, typically when the proportion of pairs containing missing data is below $15\%$.
title Exact Bounds of Spearman's footrule in the Presence of Missing Data with Applications to Independence Testing
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.11696