UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Qin, Yujia, Ye, Yining, Fang, Junjie, Wang, Haoming, Liang, Shihao, Tian, Shizuo, Zhang, Junda, Li, Jiahao, Li, Yunxin, Huang, Shijue, Zhong, Wanjun, Li, Kuanye, Yang, Jiale, Miao, Yu, Lin, Woyu, Liu, Longxiang, Jiang, Xu, Ma, Qianli, Li, Jingyu, Xiao, Xiaojun, Cai, Kai, Li, Chuang, Zheng, Yaowei, Jin, Chaolin, Li, Chen, Zhou, Xiao, Wang, Minchao, Chen, Haoli, Li, Zhaojian, Yang, Haihua, Liu, Haifeng, Lin, Feng, Peng, Tao, Liu, Xin, Shi, Guang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866913659392884736
author Qin, Yujia
Ye, Yining
Fang, Junjie
Wang, Haoming
Liang, Shihao
Tian, Shizuo
Zhang, Junda
Li, Jiahao
Li, Yunxin
Huang, Shijue
Zhong, Wanjun
Li, Kuanye
Yang, Jiale
Miao, Yu
Lin, Woyu
Liu, Longxiang
Jiang, Xu
Ma, Qianli
Li, Jingyu
Xiao, Xiaojun
Cai, Kai
Li, Chuang
Zheng, Yaowei
Jin, Chaolin
Li, Chen
Zhou, Xiao
Wang, Minchao
Chen, Haoli
Li, Zhaojian
Yang, Haihua
Liu, Haifeng
Lin, Feng
Peng, Tao
Liu, Xin
Shi, Guang
author_facet Qin, Yujia
Ye, Yining
Fang, Junjie
Wang, Haoming
Liang, Shihao
Tian, Shizuo
Zhang, Junda
Li, Jiahao
Li, Yunxin
Huang, Shijue
Zhong, Wanjun
Li, Kuanye
Yang, Jiale
Miao, Yu
Lin, Woyu
Liu, Longxiang
Jiang, Xu
Ma, Qianli
Li, Jingyu
Xiao, Xiaojun
Cai, Kai
Li, Chuang
Zheng, Yaowei
Jin, Chaolin
Li, Chen
Zhou, Xiao
Wang, Minchao
Chen, Haoli
Li, Zhaojian
Yang, Haihua
Liu, Haifeng
Lin, Feng
Peng, Tao
Liu, Xin
Shi, Guang
contents This paper introduces UI-TARS, a native GUI agent model that solely perceives the screenshots as input and performs human-like interactions (e.g., keyboard and mouse operations). Unlike prevailing agent frameworks that depend on heavily wrapped commercial models (e.g., GPT-4o) with expert-crafted prompts and workflows, UI-TARS is an end-to-end model that outperforms these sophisticated frameworks. Experiments demonstrate its superior performance: UI-TARS achieves SOTA performance in 10+ GUI agent benchmarks evaluating perception, grounding, and GUI task execution. Notably, in the OSWorld benchmark, UI-TARS achieves scores of 24.6 with 50 steps and 22.7 with 15 steps, outperforming Claude (22.0 and 14.9 respectively). In AndroidWorld, UI-TARS achieves 46.6, surpassing GPT-4o (34.5). UI-TARS incorporates several key innovations: (1) Enhanced Perception: leveraging a large-scale dataset of GUI screenshots for context-aware understanding of UI elements and precise captioning; (2) Unified Action Modeling, which standardizes actions into a unified space across platforms and achieves precise grounding and interaction through large-scale action traces; (3) System-2 Reasoning, which incorporates deliberate reasoning into multi-step decision making, involving multiple reasoning patterns such as task decomposition, reflection thinking, milestone recognition, etc. (4) Iterative Training with Reflective Online Traces, which addresses the data bottleneck by automatically collecting, filtering, and reflectively refining new interaction traces on hundreds of virtual machines. Through iterative training and reflection tuning, UI-TARS continuously learns from its mistakes and adapts to unforeseen situations with minimal human intervention. We also analyze the evolution path of GUI agents to guide the further development of this domain.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_12326
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents
Qin, Yujia
Ye, Yining
Fang, Junjie
Wang, Haoming
Liang, Shihao
Tian, Shizuo
Zhang, Junda
Li, Jiahao
Li, Yunxin
Huang, Shijue
Zhong, Wanjun
Li, Kuanye
Yang, Jiale
Miao, Yu
Lin, Woyu
Liu, Longxiang
Jiang, Xu
Ma, Qianli
Li, Jingyu
Xiao, Xiaojun
Cai, Kai
Li, Chuang
Zheng, Yaowei
Jin, Chaolin
Li, Chen
Zhou, Xiao
Wang, Minchao
Chen, Haoli
Li, Zhaojian
Yang, Haihua
Liu, Haifeng
Lin, Feng
Peng, Tao
Liu, Xin
Shi, Guang
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Human-Computer Interaction
This paper introduces UI-TARS, a native GUI agent model that solely perceives the screenshots as input and performs human-like interactions (e.g., keyboard and mouse operations). Unlike prevailing agent frameworks that depend on heavily wrapped commercial models (e.g., GPT-4o) with expert-crafted prompts and workflows, UI-TARS is an end-to-end model that outperforms these sophisticated frameworks. Experiments demonstrate its superior performance: UI-TARS achieves SOTA performance in 10+ GUI agent benchmarks evaluating perception, grounding, and GUI task execution. Notably, in the OSWorld benchmark, UI-TARS achieves scores of 24.6 with 50 steps and 22.7 with 15 steps, outperforming Claude (22.0 and 14.9 respectively). In AndroidWorld, UI-TARS achieves 46.6, surpassing GPT-4o (34.5). UI-TARS incorporates several key innovations: (1) Enhanced Perception: leveraging a large-scale dataset of GUI screenshots for context-aware understanding of UI elements and precise captioning; (2) Unified Action Modeling, which standardizes actions into a unified space across platforms and achieves precise grounding and interaction through large-scale action traces; (3) System-2 Reasoning, which incorporates deliberate reasoning into multi-step decision making, involving multiple reasoning patterns such as task decomposition, reflection thinking, milestone recognition, etc. (4) Iterative Training with Reflective Online Traces, which addresses the data bottleneck by automatically collecting, filtering, and reflectively refining new interaction traces on hundreds of virtual machines. Through iterative training and reflection tuning, UI-TARS continuously learns from its mistakes and adapts to unforeseen situations with minimal human intervention. We also analyze the evolution path of GUI agents to guide the further development of this domain.
title UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12326