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Study of the IC 443 region with the HAWC observatory

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Araya, M., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Desiati, P., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fang, K., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Goksu, H., González-Cervera, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Najafi, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Ponce, E., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Roth, M., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Schwefer, G., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Watson, I. J., Wu, H., Yu, S., Yun-Cárcamo, S., Zhou, H., de León, C.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Araya, M. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Rojas, D. Avila Solares, H. A. Ayala Babu, R. Bernal, A. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistran, T. Carramiñana, A. Casanova, S. Cotti, U. Cotzomi, J. de León, S. Coutiño De la Fuente, E. Depaoli, D. Desiati, P. Di Lalla, N. Hernandez, R. Diaz Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Ergin, T. Espinoza, C. Fang, K. Fraija, N. Fraija, S. García-González, J. A. Goksu, H. González-Cervera, J. A. González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Groetsch, S. Harding, J. P. Hernández-Cadena, S. Herzog, I. Hinton, J. Huang, D. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Hüntemeyer, P. Kaufmann, S. Lara, A. Lee, J. Vargas, H. León Linnemann, J. T. Longinotti, A. L. Luis-Raya, G. Malone, K. Martinez, O. Martínez-Castro, J. Matthews, J. A. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Montes, J. A. Morales-Soto, J. A. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Najafi, M. Nellen, L. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Olivera-Nieto, L. Omodei, N. Osorio, M. Ponce, E. Araujo, Y. Pérez Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Rho, C. D. Rosa-González, D. Roth, M. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Schwefer, G. Serna-Franco, J. Smith, A. J. Son, Y. Springer, R. W. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, R. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Watson, I. J. Wu, H. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, S. Zhou, H. de León, C.
author_facet	Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Araya, M. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Rojas, D. Avila Solares, H. A. Ayala Babu, R. Bernal, A. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistran, T. Carramiñana, A. Casanova, S. Cotti, U. Cotzomi, J. de León, S. Coutiño De la Fuente, E. Depaoli, D. Desiati, P. Di Lalla, N. Hernandez, R. Diaz Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Ergin, T. Espinoza, C. Fang, K. Fraija, N. Fraija, S. García-González, J. A. Goksu, H. González-Cervera, J. A. González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Groetsch, S. Harding, J. P. Hernández-Cadena, S. Herzog, I. Hinton, J. Huang, D. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Hüntemeyer, P. Kaufmann, S. Lara, A. Lee, J. Vargas, H. León Linnemann, J. T. Longinotti, A. L. Luis-Raya, G. Malone, K. Martinez, O. Martínez-Castro, J. Matthews, J. A. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Montes, J. A. Morales-Soto, J. A. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Najafi, M. Nellen, L. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Olivera-Nieto, L. Omodei, N. Osorio, M. Ponce, E. Araujo, Y. Pérez Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Rho, C. D. Rosa-González, D. Roth, M. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Schwefer, G. Serna-Franco, J. Smith, A. J. Son, Y. Springer, R. W. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, R. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Watson, I. J. Wu, H. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, S. Zhou, H. de León, C.
contents	Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e. capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. Using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the HAWC observatory, we study the emission of IC 443 with the objective of finding signatures of cosmic-ray acceleration at the PeV scale. Using a maximum likelihood method, we find a point source located at ($α$=94.42$^{\circ}$, $δ$=22.35$^{\circ}$) that we associate with IC 443. The measured spectrum is a simple power law with an index of $-3.14\pm$0.18, which is consistent with previous TeV observations. Although we cannot confirm that IC 443 is a hadronic PeVatron, we do not find any sign that the spectrum has a cut off at tens of TeV energies, with the spectrum extending to $\sim$30 TeV. Furthermore, we also find a new extended component in the region whose emission is described by a simple power law with an index of $-2.49\pm$0.08 and which we call HAWC J0615+2213. While we show evidence that this new source might be a new TeV halo, we defer a detailed analysis of this new source to another publication.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_12613
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Study of the IC 443 region with the HAWC observatory Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Araya, M. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Rojas, D. Avila Solares, H. A. Ayala Babu, R. Bernal, A. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistran, T. Carramiñana, A. Casanova, S. Cotti, U. Cotzomi, J. de León, S. Coutiño De la Fuente, E. Depaoli, D. Desiati, P. Di Lalla, N. Hernandez, R. Diaz Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Ergin, T. Espinoza, C. Fang, K. Fraija, N. Fraija, S. García-González, J. A. Goksu, H. González-Cervera, J. A. González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Groetsch, S. Harding, J. P. Hernández-Cadena, S. Herzog, I. Hinton, J. Huang, D. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Hüntemeyer, P. Kaufmann, S. Lara, A. Lee, J. Vargas, H. León Linnemann, J. T. Longinotti, A. L. Luis-Raya, G. Malone, K. Martinez, O. Martínez-Castro, J. Matthews, J. A. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Montes, J. A. Morales-Soto, J. A. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Najafi, M. Nellen, L. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Olivera-Nieto, L. Omodei, N. Osorio, M. Ponce, E. Araujo, Y. Pérez Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Rho, C. D. Rosa-González, D. Roth, M. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Schwefer, G. Serna-Franco, J. Smith, A. J. Son, Y. Springer, R. W. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, R. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Watson, I. J. Wu, H. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, S. Zhou, H. de León, C. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e. capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. Using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the HAWC observatory, we study the emission of IC 443 with the objective of finding signatures of cosmic-ray acceleration at the PeV scale. Using a maximum likelihood method, we find a point source located at ($α$=94.42$^{\circ}$, $δ$=22.35$^{\circ}$) that we associate with IC 443. The measured spectrum is a simple power law with an index of $-3.14\pm$0.18, which is consistent with previous TeV observations. Although we cannot confirm that IC 443 is a hadronic PeVatron, we do not find any sign that the spectrum has a cut off at tens of TeV energies, with the spectrum extending to $\sim$30 TeV. Furthermore, we also find a new extended component in the region whose emission is described by a simple power law with an index of $-2.49\pm$0.08 and which we call HAWC J0615+2213. While we show evidence that this new source might be a new TeV halo, we defer a detailed analysis of this new source to another publication.
title	Study of the IC 443 region with the HAWC observatory
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12613