On the Gauge Invariance of Secondary Gravitational Waves
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arXiv
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866908441401884672 |
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| author | Yuan, Chen Lu, Yizhou Chen, Zu-Cheng Liu, Lang |
| author_facet | Yuan, Chen Lu, Yizhou Chen, Zu-Cheng Liu, Lang |
| contents | Second-order tensor perturbations induced by primordial fluctuations play a crucial role in probing small-scale physics, but gauge dependence of their energy density has remained a fundamental challenge in cosmological perturbation theory. We address this issue by introducing a boundary condition-based filtering method that extracts physical radiation through the Sommerfeld criterion. We demonstrate that after filtering non-physical modes, the energy density of secondary gravitational waves becomes gauge-invariant and exhibits physically consistent behavior in the sub-horizon limit. This approach provides a unified framework for both adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations, enhancing theoretical predictions and observational signatures of early universe physics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_13691 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | On the Gauge Invariance of Secondary Gravitational Waves Yuan, Chen Lu, Yizhou Chen, Zu-Cheng Liu, Lang Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Second-order tensor perturbations induced by primordial fluctuations play a crucial role in probing small-scale physics, but gauge dependence of their energy density has remained a fundamental challenge in cosmological perturbation theory. We address this issue by introducing a boundary condition-based filtering method that extracts physical radiation through the Sommerfeld criterion. We demonstrate that after filtering non-physical modes, the energy density of secondary gravitational waves becomes gauge-invariant and exhibits physically consistent behavior in the sub-horizon limit. This approach provides a unified framework for both adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations, enhancing theoretical predictions and observational signatures of early universe physics. |
| title | On the Gauge Invariance of Secondary Gravitational Waves |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.13691 |