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The Impact of Helium Exposure on the PMTs of the SuperNEMO Experiment

Fuente: arXiv

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Auteurs principaux:	SuperNEMO Collaboration, Aguerre, X., Barabash, A. S., Basharina-Freshville, A., Bongrand, M., Bourgeois, Ch., Breton, D., Breier, R., Busto, J., Cerna, C., Ceschia, M., Chauveau, E., Chopra, A., Dawson, L., Duchesneau, D., Evans, J. J., Filosofov, D., Garrido, X., Girard-Carillo, C., Granjon, M., Hoballah, M., Hodák, R., Horner, G., Hussain, M. H., Islam, A., Jérémie, A., Jullian, S., Kaizer, J., Klimenko, A., Kochetov, O., Koňařík, F., Konovalov, S. I., Křižák, T., Kovalenko, S., Lahaie, A., Lang, K., Lemière, Y., Li, P., Maalmi, J., Macko, M., Mamedov, F., Marquet, C., Mauger, F., Mendl, A., Morgan, B., Nemchenok, I., Nomachi, M., Palušová, V., Patrick, C., Pavicic, T., Perrot, F., Petro, M., Piquemal, F., Povinec, P., Pratt, S., Proga, M., Quinn, W. S., Ramachers, Y. A., Riddle, C. L., Rukhadze, N., Saakyan, R., Salazar, R., Sedgbeer, J., Shitov, Yu., Simard, L., Šimkovic, F., Smolnikov, A., Söldner-Rembold, S., Štekl, I., Suhonen, J., Tedjditi, H., Thomas, J., Timkin, V., Tretyak, V. I., Tretyak, Vl. I., Turnbull, G., Umatov, V. I., Vereshchaka, Y., Waters, D.
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2025
Sujets:	Instrumentation and Detectors Nuclear Experiment
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866915182824914944
author	SuperNEMO Collaboration Aguerre, X. Barabash, A. S. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bongrand, M. Bourgeois, Ch. Breton, D. Breier, R. Busto, J. Cerna, C. Ceschia, M. Chauveau, E. Chopra, A. Dawson, L. Duchesneau, D. Evans, J. J. Filosofov, D. Garrido, X. Girard-Carillo, C. Granjon, M. Hoballah, M. Hodák, R. Horner, G. Hussain, M. H. Islam, A. Jérémie, A. Jullian, S. Kaizer, J. Klimenko, A. Kochetov, O. Koňařík, F. Konovalov, S. I. Křižák, T. Kovalenko, S. Lahaie, A. Lang, K. Lemière, Y. Li, P. Maalmi, J. Macko, M. Mamedov, F. Marquet, C. Mauger, F. Mendl, A. Morgan, B. Nemchenok, I. Nomachi, M. Palušová, V. Patrick, C. Pavicic, T. Perrot, F. Petro, M. Piquemal, F. Povinec, P. Pratt, S. Proga, M. Quinn, W. S. Ramachers, Y. A. Riddle, C. L. Rukhadze, N. Saakyan, R. Salazar, R. Sedgbeer, J. Shitov, Yu. Simard, L. Šimkovic, F. Smolnikov, A. Söldner-Rembold, S. Štekl, I. Suhonen, J. Tedjditi, H. Thomas, J. Timkin, V. Tretyak, V. I. Tretyak, Vl. I. Turnbull, G. Umatov, V. I. Vereshchaka, Y. Waters, D.
author_facet	SuperNEMO Collaboration Aguerre, X. Barabash, A. S. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bongrand, M. Bourgeois, Ch. Breton, D. Breier, R. Busto, J. Cerna, C. Ceschia, M. Chauveau, E. Chopra, A. Dawson, L. Duchesneau, D. Evans, J. J. Filosofov, D. Garrido, X. Girard-Carillo, C. Granjon, M. Hoballah, M. Hodák, R. Horner, G. Hussain, M. H. Islam, A. Jérémie, A. Jullian, S. Kaizer, J. Klimenko, A. Kochetov, O. Koňařík, F. Konovalov, S. I. Křižák, T. Kovalenko, S. Lahaie, A. Lang, K. Lemière, Y. Li, P. Maalmi, J. Macko, M. Mamedov, F. Marquet, C. Mauger, F. Mendl, A. Morgan, B. Nemchenok, I. Nomachi, M. Palušová, V. Patrick, C. Pavicic, T. Perrot, F. Petro, M. Piquemal, F. Povinec, P. Pratt, S. Proga, M. Quinn, W. S. Ramachers, Y. A. Riddle, C. L. Rukhadze, N. Saakyan, R. Salazar, R. Sedgbeer, J. Shitov, Yu. Simard, L. Šimkovic, F. Smolnikov, A. Söldner-Rembold, S. Štekl, I. Suhonen, J. Tedjditi, H. Thomas, J. Timkin, V. Tretyak, V. I. Tretyak, Vl. I. Turnbull, G. Umatov, V. I. Vereshchaka, Y. Waters, D.
contents	The performance of Hamamatsu 8" photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) of the type used in the SuperNEMO neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment (R5912-MOD), is investigated as a function of exposure to helium (He) gas. Two PMTs were monitored for over a year, one exposed to varying concentrations of He, and the other kept in standard atmospheric conditions as a control. Both PMTs were exposed to light signals generated by a Bi-207 radioactive source that provided consistent large input PMT signals similar to those that are typical of the SuperNEMO experiment. The energy resolution of PMT signals corresponding to 1 MeV energy scale determined from the Bi-207 decay spectrum, shows a negligible degradation with He exposure; however the rate of after-pulsing shows a clear increase with He exposure, which is modelled and compared to diffusion theory. A method for reconstructing the partial pressure of He within the PMT and a method for determining the He breakdown point, are introduced. The implications for long-term SuperNEMO operations are briefly discussed.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_13755
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The Impact of Helium Exposure on the PMTs of the SuperNEMO Experiment SuperNEMO Collaboration Aguerre, X. Barabash, A. S. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bongrand, M. Bourgeois, Ch. Breton, D. Breier, R. Busto, J. Cerna, C. Ceschia, M. Chauveau, E. Chopra, A. Dawson, L. Duchesneau, D. Evans, J. J. Filosofov, D. Garrido, X. Girard-Carillo, C. Granjon, M. Hoballah, M. Hodák, R. Horner, G. Hussain, M. H. Islam, A. Jérémie, A. Jullian, S. Kaizer, J. Klimenko, A. Kochetov, O. Koňařík, F. Konovalov, S. I. Křižák, T. Kovalenko, S. Lahaie, A. Lang, K. Lemière, Y. Li, P. Maalmi, J. Macko, M. Mamedov, F. Marquet, C. Mauger, F. Mendl, A. Morgan, B. Nemchenok, I. Nomachi, M. Palušová, V. Patrick, C. Pavicic, T. Perrot, F. Petro, M. Piquemal, F. Povinec, P. Pratt, S. Proga, M. Quinn, W. S. Ramachers, Y. A. Riddle, C. L. Rukhadze, N. Saakyan, R. Salazar, R. Sedgbeer, J. Shitov, Yu. Simard, L. Šimkovic, F. Smolnikov, A. Söldner-Rembold, S. Štekl, I. Suhonen, J. Tedjditi, H. Thomas, J. Timkin, V. Tretyak, V. I. Tretyak, Vl. I. Turnbull, G. Umatov, V. I. Vereshchaka, Y. Waters, D. Instrumentation and Detectors Nuclear Experiment The performance of Hamamatsu 8" photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) of the type used in the SuperNEMO neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment (R5912-MOD), is investigated as a function of exposure to helium (He) gas. Two PMTs were monitored for over a year, one exposed to varying concentrations of He, and the other kept in standard atmospheric conditions as a control. Both PMTs were exposed to light signals generated by a Bi-207 radioactive source that provided consistent large input PMT signals similar to those that are typical of the SuperNEMO experiment. The energy resolution of PMT signals corresponding to 1 MeV energy scale determined from the Bi-207 decay spectrum, shows a negligible degradation with He exposure; however the rate of after-pulsing shows a clear increase with He exposure, which is modelled and compared to diffusion theory. A method for reconstructing the partial pressure of He within the PMT and a method for determining the He breakdown point, are introduced. The implications for long-term SuperNEMO operations are briefly discussed.
title	The Impact of Helium Exposure on the PMTs of the SuperNEMO Experiment
topic	Instrumentation and Detectors Nuclear Experiment
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.13755