Dynamic Modeling and Control of Multi-Stack Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems with Shared Gas Separators and Lye Circulation: An Experiment-Based Study
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866910192818454528 |
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| author | Qiu, Yiwei Li, Jiatong Zeng, Yangjun Zhou, Yi Chen, Shi Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Buxiang He, Ge Ji, Xu Li, Wenying |
| author_facet | Qiu, Yiwei Li, Jiatong Zeng, Yangjun Zhou, Yi Chen, Shi Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Buxiang He, Ge Ji, Xu Li, Wenying |
| contents | An emerging approach for large-scale renewable hydrogen production is integrating multiple alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) stacks into one balance-of-plant (BoP) system, sharing gas-lye separation and lye circulation components. While this configuration, termed $N$-in-1, reduces cost and complexity, its dynamic performance under fluctuating power remains unclear compared with conventional 1-in-1 systems. This paper develops a state-space model of the multi-stack AWE system, capturing lye circulation, temperature, and hydrogen-to-oxygen (HTO) dynamics, calibrated via experiments on a 4,000 Nm$^3$/h-rated 4-in-1 system. A nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) is then designed to coordinate inter-stack current distribution, lye flow, and cooling for load tracking and operational stability. Simulations on the experimental-validated model show that a $4$-in-1 system can achieve very similar performance compared to four parallel 1-in-1 systems. Differences in load-tracking error, temperature stabilization, and specific energy consumption remain below 0.015 MW, 0.346 K, and 0.001 kWh/Nm$^3$ under wind power supply. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_14576 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dynamic Modeling and Control of Multi-Stack Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems with Shared Gas Separators and Lye Circulation: An Experiment-Based Study Qiu, Yiwei Li, Jiatong Zeng, Yangjun Zhou, Yi Chen, Shi Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Buxiang He, Ge Ji, Xu Li, Wenying Optimization and Control Systems and Control An emerging approach for large-scale renewable hydrogen production is integrating multiple alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) stacks into one balance-of-plant (BoP) system, sharing gas-lye separation and lye circulation components. While this configuration, termed $N$-in-1, reduces cost and complexity, its dynamic performance under fluctuating power remains unclear compared with conventional 1-in-1 systems. This paper develops a state-space model of the multi-stack AWE system, capturing lye circulation, temperature, and hydrogen-to-oxygen (HTO) dynamics, calibrated via experiments on a 4,000 Nm$^3$/h-rated 4-in-1 system. A nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) is then designed to coordinate inter-stack current distribution, lye flow, and cooling for load tracking and operational stability. Simulations on the experimental-validated model show that a $4$-in-1 system can achieve very similar performance compared to four parallel 1-in-1 systems. Differences in load-tracking error, temperature stabilization, and specific energy consumption remain below 0.015 MW, 0.346 K, and 0.001 kWh/Nm$^3$ under wind power supply. |
| title | Dynamic Modeling and Control of Multi-Stack Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems with Shared Gas Separators and Lye Circulation: An Experiment-Based Study |
| topic | Optimization and Control Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14576 |