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Study of long-term spectral evolution and X-ray and Gamma-ray correlation of blazars seen by HAWC

Fuente: arXiv

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Hauptverfasser:	Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Andrés, A., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Carreón, F., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., Muñoz, A. Gonzalez, González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Lara, A., Lee, W. H., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Montes, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Osorio, M., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Yun-Cárcamo, S., Zhou, H., de León, C., Falcone, Abraham D., Hancock, Fredric
Format:	Preprint
Veröffentlicht:	2025
Schlagworte:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
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author	Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Andrés, A. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Rojas, D. Avila Solares, H. A. Ayala Babu, R. Belmont-Moreno, E. Bernal, A. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistrán, T. Carramiñana, A. Carreón, F. Casanova, S. Cotti, U. Cotzomi, J. de León, S. Coutiño De la Fuente, E. Depaoli, D. Di Lalla, N. Hernandez, R. Diaz Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Durocher, M. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Engel, K. Espinoza, C. Fan, K. L. Fraija, N. Fraija, S. García-González, J. A. Garfias, F. Muñoz, A. Gonzalez González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Groetsch, S. Harding, J. P. Hernández-Cadena, S. Herzog, I. Huang, D. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Iriarte, A. Joshi, V. Kaufmann, S. Kieda, D. Lara, A. Lee, W. H. Lee, J. Vargas, H. León Linnemann, J. T. Longinotti, A. L. Luis-Raya, G. Malone, K. Martinez, O. Martinez-Castellanos, I. Martínez-Castro, J. Matthews, J. A. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Montes, J. A. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Nayerhoda, A. Nellen, L. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Omodei, N. Osorio, M. Araujo, Y. Pérez Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Rho, C. D. Rosa-González, D. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Salazar-Gallegos, D. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Serna-Franco, J. Smith, A. J. Son, Y. Springer, R. W. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, R. Ureña-Mena, F. Varela, E. Villaseñor, L. Wang, X. Watson, I. J. Whitaker, K. Willox, E. Yun-Cárcamo, S. Zhou, H. de León, C. Falcone, Abraham D. Hancock, Fredric
author_facet	Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Andrés, A. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Rojas, D. Avila Solares, H. A. Ayala Babu, R. Belmont-Moreno, E. Bernal, A. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistrán, T. Carramiñana, A. Carreón, F. Casanova, S. Cotti, U. Cotzomi, J. de León, S. Coutiño De la Fuente, E. Depaoli, D. Di Lalla, N. Hernandez, R. Diaz Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Durocher, M. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Engel, K. Espinoza, C. Fan, K. L. Fraija, N. Fraija, S. García-González, J. A. Garfias, F. Muñoz, A. Gonzalez González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Groetsch, S. Harding, J. P. Hernández-Cadena, S. Herzog, I. Huang, D. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Iriarte, A. Joshi, V. Kaufmann, S. Kieda, D. Lara, A. Lee, W. H. Lee, J. Vargas, H. León Linnemann, J. T. Longinotti, A. L. Luis-Raya, G. Malone, K. Martinez, O. Martinez-Castellanos, I. Martínez-Castro, J. Matthews, J. A. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Montes, J. A. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Nayerhoda, A. Nellen, L. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Omodei, N. Osorio, M. Araujo, Y. Pérez Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Rho, C. D. Rosa-González, D. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Salazar-Gallegos, D. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Serna-Franco, J. Smith, A. J. Son, Y. Springer, R. W. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, R. Ureña-Mena, F. Varela, E. Villaseñor, L. Wang, X. Watson, I. J. Whitaker, K. Willox, E. Yun-Cárcamo, S. Zhou, H. de León, C. Falcone, Abraham D. Hancock, Fredric
contents	The HAWC Observatory collected 6 years of extensive data, providing an ideal platform for long-term monitoring of blazars in the Very High Energy (VHE) band, without bias towards specific flux states. HAWC continuously monitors blazar activity at TeV energies, focusing on sources with a redshift of {z \lt 0.3}, based on the Third Fermi-LAT Catalog of High-Energy sources. We specifically focused our analysis on Mrk 421 and Mrk 501, as they are the brightest blazars observed by the HAWC Observatory. With a dataset of 2143 days, this work significantly extends the monitoring previously published, which was based on 511 days of observation. By utilizing HAWC data for the VHE γ-ray emission in the 300 GeV to 100 TeV energy range, in conjunction with Swift-XRT data for the 0.3 to 10 keV X-ray emission, we aim to explore potential correlations between these two bands. For Mrk 501, we found evidence of a long-term correlation. Additionally, we identified a period in the light curve where the flux was very low for more than two years. On the other hand, our analysis of Mrk 421 measured a strong linear correlation for quasi-simultaneous observations collected by HAWC and Swift-XRT. This result is consistent with a linear dependence and a multiple-zone synchrotron self-Compton model to explain the X-ray and the γ-ray emission. Finally, as suggested by previous findings, we confirm a harder-when-brighter behavior in the spectral evolution of the flux properties for Mrk 421. These findings contribute to the understanding of blazar emissions and their underlying mechanisms.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_15041
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Study of long-term spectral evolution and X-ray and Gamma-ray correlation of blazars seen by HAWC Alfaro, R. Alvarez, C. Andrés, A. Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C. Rojas, D. Avila Solares, H. A. Ayala Babu, R. Belmont-Moreno, E. Bernal, A. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Capistrán, T. Carramiñana, A. Carreón, F. Casanova, S. Cotti, U. Cotzomi, J. de León, S. Coutiño De la Fuente, E. Depaoli, D. Di Lalla, N. Hernandez, R. Diaz Dingus, B. L. DuVernois, M. A. Durocher, M. Díaz-Vélez, J. C. Engel, K. Espinoza, C. Fan, K. L. Fraija, N. Fraija, S. García-González, J. A. Garfias, F. Muñoz, A. Gonzalez González, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Groetsch, S. Harding, J. P. Hernández-Cadena, S. Herzog, I. Huang, D. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. Iriarte, A. Joshi, V. Kaufmann, S. Kieda, D. Lara, A. Lee, W. H. Lee, J. Vargas, H. León Linnemann, J. T. Longinotti, A. L. Luis-Raya, G. Malone, K. Martinez, O. Martinez-Castellanos, I. Martínez-Castro, J. Matthews, J. A. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Montes, J. A. Moreno, E. Mostafá, M. Nayerhoda, A. Nellen, L. Nisa, M. U. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Omodei, N. Osorio, M. Araujo, Y. Pérez Pérez-Pérez, E. G. Rho, C. D. Rosa-González, D. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Salazar, H. Salazar-Gallegos, D. Sandoval, A. Schneider, M. Serna-Franco, J. Smith, A. J. Son, Y. Springer, R. W. Tibolla, O. Tollefson, K. Torres, I. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, R. Ureña-Mena, F. Varela, E. Villaseñor, L. Wang, X. Watson, I. J. Whitaker, K. Willox, E. Yun-Cárcamo, S. Zhou, H. de León, C. Falcone, Abraham D. Hancock, Fredric High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena The HAWC Observatory collected 6 years of extensive data, providing an ideal platform for long-term monitoring of blazars in the Very High Energy (VHE) band, without bias towards specific flux states. HAWC continuously monitors blazar activity at TeV energies, focusing on sources with a redshift of {z \lt 0.3}, based on the Third Fermi-LAT Catalog of High-Energy sources. We specifically focused our analysis on Mrk 421 and Mrk 501, as they are the brightest blazars observed by the HAWC Observatory. With a dataset of 2143 days, this work significantly extends the monitoring previously published, which was based on 511 days of observation. By utilizing HAWC data for the VHE γ-ray emission in the 300 GeV to 100 TeV energy range, in conjunction with Swift-XRT data for the 0.3 to 10 keV X-ray emission, we aim to explore potential correlations between these two bands. For Mrk 501, we found evidence of a long-term correlation. Additionally, we identified a period in the light curve where the flux was very low for more than two years. On the other hand, our analysis of Mrk 421 measured a strong linear correlation for quasi-simultaneous observations collected by HAWC and Swift-XRT. This result is consistent with a linear dependence and a multiple-zone synchrotron self-Compton model to explain the X-ray and the γ-ray emission. Finally, as suggested by previous findings, we confirm a harder-when-brighter behavior in the spectral evolution of the flux properties for Mrk 421. These findings contribute to the understanding of blazar emissions and their underlying mechanisms.
title	Study of long-term spectral evolution and X-ray and Gamma-ray correlation of blazars seen by HAWC
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15041