Dark Chiral Phase Transition Driven by Chemical Potential and its Gravitational Wave Test
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912205195182080 |
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| author | Kang, Zhaofeng Zhu, Jiang |
| author_facet | Kang, Zhaofeng Zhu, Jiang |
| contents | In this article, for the first time, we explore the scenario that the dark-QCD sector has a large chemical potential $μ$ (on the order of magnitude of temperature) of dark quarks. It leads to a complex-valued Polyakov loop and tilts the partial confinement effect, driving the dark-QCD phase transition to a first-order one in the early universe. We present a toy model via the Affleck-Dine mechanism that could generate degenerate dark quarks. Our study, in the framework of PNJL, focuses on the dynamical impacts of a large chemical potential on the chiral phase transition without turning on the KMT instanton term. We plot the phase diagram of the dark-QCD in the chiral limit. The resulting first-order phase transition actually refers to a chiral phase transition, with the transition to the confinement vacuum being a cross-over. Following the phase diagram, we find that increasing $μ$ can considerably prolong the duration of the phase transition and also the release of latent heat, which together make the cosmic dark-QCD phase transition at the critical temperature above 1 GeV and below 100 GeV produce gravitational wave signal in the intermediate frequency band, which is well probable in space detectors such as BBO |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_15242 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dark Chiral Phase Transition Driven by Chemical Potential and its Gravitational Wave Test Kang, Zhaofeng Zhu, Jiang High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory In this article, for the first time, we explore the scenario that the dark-QCD sector has a large chemical potential $μ$ (on the order of magnitude of temperature) of dark quarks. It leads to a complex-valued Polyakov loop and tilts the partial confinement effect, driving the dark-QCD phase transition to a first-order one in the early universe. We present a toy model via the Affleck-Dine mechanism that could generate degenerate dark quarks. Our study, in the framework of PNJL, focuses on the dynamical impacts of a large chemical potential on the chiral phase transition without turning on the KMT instanton term. We plot the phase diagram of the dark-QCD in the chiral limit. The resulting first-order phase transition actually refers to a chiral phase transition, with the transition to the confinement vacuum being a cross-over. Following the phase diagram, we find that increasing $μ$ can considerably prolong the duration of the phase transition and also the release of latent heat, which together make the cosmic dark-QCD phase transition at the critical temperature above 1 GeV and below 100 GeV produce gravitational wave signal in the intermediate frequency band, which is well probable in space detectors such as BBO |
| title | Dark Chiral Phase Transition Driven by Chemical Potential and its Gravitational Wave Test |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15242 |